{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:39:46Z","timestamp":1787009986251,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/grf.0b013e318159c2f6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]],"date-time":"2009-03-03T18:54:15Z","timestamp":1236106455000},"page":"907-917","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["The Contraceptive Implant"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"HEATHER","family":"HOHMANN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MITCHELL D.","family":"CREININ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18642","article-title":"Implant contraception","volume":"19","author":"Meckstroth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"R2-8-20210126","first-page":"539","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of levonorgestrel implant, intrauterine device, and sterilization","volume":"97","author":"Meirik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R3-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(00)00095-0","article-title":"Prolonged effectiveness of Norplant(R) capsule implants: a 7-year study","volume":"61","author":"Sivin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R4-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326050-00002","article-title":"Risks and benefits, advantages and disadvantages of levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants","volume":"26","author":"Sivin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"R5-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(92)90140-O","article-title":"Contraception with subdermal implants releasing the progestin ST-1435: a dose-finding study","volume":"45","author":"Haukkamaa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R6-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2003.10.003","article-title":"Two-year performance of a Nestorone(R)-releasing contraceptive implant: a three-center study of 300 women","volume":"69","author":"Sivin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R7-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(95)00263-4","article-title":"Multicenter clinical trial on the efficacy and acceptability of a single contraceptive implant of nomegestrol acetate, Uniplant","volume":"53","author":"Coutinho","year":"1996","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R8-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.07.013","article-title":"Effects of a single Silastic contraceptive implant containing nomegestrol acetate (Uniplant) on endometrial morphology and ovarian function for 1 year","volume":"74","author":"Barbosa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R9-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00121-3","article-title":"The \u201cboom and bust phenomenon\u201d: the hopes, dreams, and broken promises of the contraceptive revolution","volume":"61","author":"Boonstra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R10-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(00)00173-6","article-title":"Effects of the etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant (Implanon on parameters of breastfeeding compared to those of an intrauterine device)","volume":"62","author":"Reinprayoon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R11-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.10.010","article-title":"Effects of the etonogestrel-releasing implant Implanon and a nonmedicated intrauterine device on the growth of breast-fed infants","volume":"73","author":"Taneepanichskul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"2","key":"R12-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/14730782.2000.12288982","article-title":"Clinical profile of Implanon: a single-rod etonogestrel contraceptive implant","volume":"5","author":"Croxatto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"R13-8-20210126","first-page":"3","article-title":"Implanon. A review of clinical studies","volume":"24","author":"Edwards","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Fam Plann"},{"key":"R14-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(01)00294-3","article-title":"Mechanisms that explain the contraceptive action of progestin implants for women","volume":"65","author":"Croxatto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R17-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(98)00110-3","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of etonogestrel released from the contraceptive implant Implanon","volume":"58","author":"Wenzl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R18-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00015-6","article-title":"Ovarian function during the use of a single contraceptive implant: Implanon compared with Norplant","volume":"69","author":"Makarainen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R19-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(91)90030-J","article-title":"Clinical trial with 3-keto-desogestrel subdermal implants","volume":"44","author":"Diaz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"R21-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(98)00118-8","article-title":"The pharmacodynamics and efficacy of Implanon. An overview of the data","volume":"58","author":"Croxatto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R22-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(93)90042-6","article-title":"Release characteristics, ovarian activity and menstrual bleeding pattern with a single contraceptive implant releasing 3-ketodesogestrel","volume":"47","author":"Davies","year":"1993","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R23-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.11.007","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Implanon, a single-rod implantable contraceptive containing etonogestrel","volume":"71","author":"Funk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R24-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.4.976","article-title":"A multicentre efficacy and safety study of the single contraceptive implant Implanon. Implanon Study Group","volume":"14","author":"Croxatto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R25-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.06.007","article-title":"Clinical experience and acceptability of the etonogestrel subdermal contraceptive implant","volume":"90","author":"Flores","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"R26-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.10.005","article-title":"Unintended pregnancies with the etonogestrel implant (Implanon): a case series from postmarketing experience in Australia","volume":"71","author":"Harrison-Woolrych","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R27-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00053-0","article-title":"A randomized multicenter study comparing the efficacy and bleeding pattern of a single-rod (Implanon) and a six-capsule (Norplant) hormonal contraceptive implant","volume":"60","author":"Zheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R28-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180400017503","article-title":"Acceptability and side-effects of Implanon in Switzerland: a retrospective study by the Implanon Swiss Study Group","volume":"9","author":"Bitzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"R29-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/11.suppl_2.109","article-title":"Oestrogen treatment for increased bleeding in Norplant users: preliminary results","volume":"11","author":"Witjaksono","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R30-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei273","article-title":"A pilot study to assess the effect of three short-term treatments on frequent and\/or prolonged bleeding compared to placebo in women using Implanon","volume":"21","author":"Weisberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R31-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70326-5","article-title":"Hormonal treatment for bleeding irregularities in Norplant implant users","volume":"174","author":"Alvarez-Sanchez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R32-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.9.1969","article-title":"Once a month administration of mifepristone improves bleeding patterns in women using subdermal contraceptive implants releasing levonorgestrel","volume":"15","author":"Cheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R33-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.1.118","article-title":"Bone mineral density during long-term use of the progestogen contraceptive implant Implanon compared to a non-hormonal method of contraception","volume":"15","author":"Beerthuizen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R34-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei358","article-title":"A prospective study of the forearm bone density of users of etonogestrel- and levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants","volume":"21","author":"Bahamondes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R35-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.05.072","article-title":"Continuation rates of Implanon in the UK: data from an observational study in a clinical setting","volume":"74","author":"Lakha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R36-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(00)00124-0","article-title":"Progestin implants","volume":"65","author":"Croxatto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"R37-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.12.012","article-title":"Ovarian cysts in users of Implanon and Jadelle subdermal contraceptive implants","volume":"73","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R38-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(03)00145-8","article-title":"Effect of Implanon and Norplant subdermal contraceptive implants on serum lipids\u2014a randomized comparative study","volume":"68","author":"Biswas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R39-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.05.011","article-title":"Effect of etonogestrel subdermal contraceptive implant (Implanon) on liver function tests\u2014a randomized comparative study with Norplant implants","volume":"70","author":"Biswas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R40-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(98)00070-5","article-title":"Effects on the hemostatic system and liver function in relation to Implanon and Norplant. A prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"58","author":"Egberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R41-8-20210126","first-page":"4","article-title":"Today's contraceptive options: finding the right fit","volume":"6","author":"Farrington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Sexuality"},{"key":"R42-8-20210126","article-title":"Contraceptive Technology. 18th Revised ed","author":"Hatcher","year":"2004"},{"key":"R43-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(02)00351-7","article-title":"Quick start: novel oral contraceptive initiation method","volume":"66","author":"Westhoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R44-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.10.009","article-title":"Management and localization strategies for the nonpalpable Implanon rod","volume":"73","author":"Shulman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R45-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(93)90091-K","article-title":"Preliminary experience with Norplant in an inner city population","volume":"47","author":"Cullins","year":"1993","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R46-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00048-7","article-title":"\u201cPop-out\u201d method of levonorgestrel implant removal","volume":"59","author":"Pymar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R47-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(97)00159-5","article-title":"Ultrasound characteristics of subdermally implanted Implanon contraceptive rods","volume":"56","author":"Lantz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"R48-8-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0004-8666.2003.00103.x","article-title":"Implanon implant detection with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"43","author":"Westerway","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00003081-200712000-00008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T19:00:33Z","timestamp":1738954833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00003081-200712000-00008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/grf.0b013e318159c2f6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9201"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9201","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}}}