{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:47:51Z","timestamp":1792021671386,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/grf.0b013e3181cc406d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,6]],"date-time":"2010-02-06T01:56:22Z","timestamp":1265421382000},"page":"147-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":267,"title":["Postpartum Hemorrhage: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Causes"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"YINKA","family":"OYELESE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CANDE V.","family":"ANANTH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-16-20210126","article-title":"Maternal mortality in 2000; estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA","year":"2004"},{"key":"R2-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldg015","article-title":"Global burden of maternal death and disability","volume":"67","author":"AbouZahr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"R3-16-20210126","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists number 76, October 2006: postpartum hemorrhage","volume":"108","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R4-16-20210126","first-page":"768","article-title":"Maternal mortality in France: frequency, trends and causes","volume":"30","author":"Bouvier-Colle","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"key":"R5-16-20210126","article-title":"Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health. Why Mothers Die, 2000-2002: The Sixth Report of the Confidential Enquiries in Maternal Death in the United Kingdom","author":"Hall","year":"2004"},{"key":"R6-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340600985032","article-title":"Estimation of blood loss after cesarean section and vaginal delivery has low validity with a tendency to exaggeration","volume":"85","author":"Larsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"R8-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.04.049","article-title":"Visually estimated and calculated blood loss in vaginal and cesarean delivery","volume":"199","author":"Stafford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R9-16-20210126","first-page":"455","article-title":"Intrapartum blood loss measured with Cr 51-tagged erythrocytes","volume":"19","author":"Gahres","year":"1962","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R10-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)35734-9","article-title":"Blood volume changes during pregnancy and the puerperium. II. Red blood cell loss and changes in apparent blood volume during and following vaginal delivery, cesarean section, and cesarean section plus total hysterectomy","volume":"84","author":"Pritchard","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R11-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000152760.34443.86","article-title":"Postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth: an analysis of risk factors","volume":"98","author":"Magann","year":"2005","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"R12-16-20210126","first-page":"69","article-title":"Factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage with vaginal birth","volume":"77","author":"Combs","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R13-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.08.004","article-title":"Epidemiology of postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Carroli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R14-16-20210126","first-page":"77","article-title":"Factors associated with hemorrhage in cesarean deliveries","volume":"77","author":"Combs","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R15-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181a66b05","article-title":"Risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in vaginal deliveries in a Latin-American population","volume":"113","author":"Sosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R16-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.08.025","article-title":"Factors associated with acute postpartum hemorrhage in low-risk women delivering in rural India","volume":"101","author":"Geller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"R17-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01859.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of severe obstetric haemorrhage","volume":"115","author":"Al-Zirqi","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R18-16-20210126","first-page":"166","article-title":"Postpartum haemorrhage in nulliparous women: incidence and risk factors in low and high risk women. A Dutch population-based cohort study on standard (>or=500\u2009mL) and severe (> or=1000\u2009mL) postpartum haemorrhage","volume":"115","author":"Bais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R19-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050500170088","article-title":"Obstetric risk factors and outcome of pregnancies complicated with early postpartum hemorrhage: a population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Sheiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"R20-16-20210126","first-page":"927","article-title":"Secondary postpartum haemorrhage: incidence, morbidity and current management","volume":"108","author":"Hoveyda","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R21-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2006.tb00109.x","article-title":"Trends in postpartum haemorrhage","volume":"30","author":"Cameron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"R22-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.03.011","article-title":"Increased postpartum hemorrhage rates in Australia","volume":"98","author":"Ford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"R23-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01316.x","article-title":"Investigation of an increase in postpartum haemorrhage in Canada","volume":"114","author":"Joseph","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R24-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01308.x","article-title":"Postpartum haemorrhage occurrence and recurrence: a population-based study","volume":"187","author":"Ford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"R25-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000151993.83276.70","article-title":"The length of the third stage of labor and the risk of postpartum hemorrhage","volume":"105","author":"Magann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R26-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6141.855","article-title":"Postpartum haemorrhage after induced and spontaneous labour","volume":"2","author":"Brinsden","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R27-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02505330","article-title":"Risk factors for primary postpartum haemorrhage. A case control study","volume":"259","author":"Selo-Ojeme","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"R28-16-20210126","first-page":"238","article-title":"Oxytocics for the prevention of post-partum haemorrhages. A review","volume":"13","author":"Van Dongen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharm Weekbl Sci"},{"key":"R29-16-20210126","first-page":"255","article-title":"Oral misoprostol for third stage of labor: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Surbek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R31-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02563.x","article-title":"Bleeding events and other complications during pregnancy and childbirth in women with von Willebrand disease","volume":"5","author":"James","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"R32-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90440-1","article-title":"Utilization of red blood cell transfusion in an obstetric setting","volume":"159","author":"Kamani","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R33-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/01443619867867","article-title":"Great grand multiparity: is it a risk?","volume":"18","author":"Abu-Heija","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R34-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(93)90047-G","article-title":"Risk factors for major obstetric haemorrhage","volume":"48","author":"Stones","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R35-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1989.tb01776.x","article-title":"Secondary postpartum haemorrhage","volume":"29","author":"King","year":"1989","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R36-16-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2006.00743.x","article-title":"Risk factors for hospital admission related to excessive and\/or prolonged postpartum vaginal blood loss after the first 24\u2009h following childbirth","volume":"20","author":"Marchant","year":"2006","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003081-201003000-00016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:11:23Z","timestamp":1786039883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003081-201003000-00016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/grf.0b013e3181cc406d","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9201"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9201","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}