{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:21:23Z","timestamp":1792592483991,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/ http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with intestinal fungal dysbiosis, yet we understand little about how alterations of intestinal fungi (mycobiota) contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease. By reanalyzing internal transcribed spacer 2 amplicon sequencing of fecal samples from a cohort of 66 patients with alcohol use disorder for presence (as opposed to relative abundance) of fungal species, we observed that the presence of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Malassezia restricta<\/jats:italic> was associated with increased markers of liver injury. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. restricta<\/jats:italic> exacerbates ethanol-induced liver injury both in acute binge and chronic ethanol-feeding models in mice. Using bone marrow chimeric mice, we found that the disease exacerbating effect by <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. restricta<\/jats:italic> was mediated by C-type lectin domain family 4, member N on bone marrow-derived cells. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. restricta<\/jats:italic> induces inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in Kupffer cells through C-type lectin domain family 4, member N signaling. Targeting fungal pathobionts might be a therapeutic strategy for alcohol-associated liver disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/hc9.0000000000000029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:38:34Z","timestamp":1674866314000},"page":"e0029-e0029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Malassezia restricta promotes alcohol-induced liver injury"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2188-4285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suling","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3658-3335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillipp","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Rady Children\u2019s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2738-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minji","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6229-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7790-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8135-9186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Llorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6935-0971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanhan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noem\u00ed","family":"Cabr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4323-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derrick E.","family":"Fouts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine, J. 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