{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:49:34Z","timestamp":1791560974118,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We previously characterised acute mental stress-induced alpha (\u03b1)- and beta (\u03b2)-adrenergic-haemodynamic reactivity profiles cross-sectionally and related them to unique cardiometabolic risk outcomes. Whether these profiles predict future cardiometabolic risk remains unclear. We compared three-year cardiometabolic risk outcomes between predominant \u03b1- and \u03b2-responders and evaluated the prognostic value of each profile for predicting cardiometabolic risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (aged 20\u201365\u200ayears) were stratified at baseline as predominant \u03b1- (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a43) or \u03b2-responders (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a59) defined by lowest and highest population quartiles, respectively, of reactivity in both cardiac output and Windkessel arterial compliance. Remaining participants were classified as mixed-\u03b1\/\u03b2-responders (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a=\u200a227). Hypertension and central obesity at baseline and follow-up were defined using international guidelines. Other outcomes included cardiac stress (cardiac troponin-T \u22654.2 pg\/ml), abnormal-glucose-tolerance (Abnl-GT; HbA1c \u22655.7% and\/or fasting glucose \u22655.6 mmol\/l and\/or using antidiabetic medication), 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)-risk (UCLA composite score), 24-h ischaemic events (Holter-electrocardiography) and an adverse lipid profile (high total cholesterol, low high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and high triglycerides) defined by South African Heart Association\/Lipid and Atherosclerosis Society of Southern Africa guidelines. Three-year risk for each outcome by adrenergic profile were estimated using covariate-adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At three-year follow-up, \u03b1-responders had higher prevalence of hypertension, Abnl-GT, low HDL-cholesterol, and 10-year ASCVD-risk than \u03b2-responders (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.025). Both \u03b1- and \u03b2-adrenergic reactivity profiles were associated with increased three-year risk of 10-year ASCVD, cardiac stress, central obesity, and Abnl-GT (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.047). The \u03b1-adrenergic reactivity profile uniquely predicted elevated risk of hypertension, high total cholesterol, and low HDL-cholesterol (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a\u2264\u200a0.009), whereas the \u03b2-adrenergic reactivity profile was associated with lower risk of hypertension and high total cholesterol but higher risk of 24-h ischaemic events (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200a\u2264\u200a0.016).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute mental stress-induced \u03b1- and \u03b2-adrenergic reactivity profiles independently predicted distinct cardiometabolic outcomes over three-years, delineating differential pathways of cardiometabolic risk. These findings support the potential utility of adrenergic reactivity phenotypes to refine individual, psychophysiological-linked cardiometabolic risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/hjh.0000000000004454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:00:15Z","timestamp":1791558015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute mental stress-induced adrenergic reactivity profiles predict distinct cardiometabolic risk trajectories over three years: the SABPA study"],"prefix":"10.1097","author":[{"given":"Dewald","family":"Naud\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART)"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"von K\u00e4nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Wentzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART)"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm1201_2","article-title":"Behaviorally-evoked cardiovascular reactivity and hypertension: conceptual issues and potential associations","volume":"12","author":"Manuck","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"R3-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1990.tb03181.x","article-title":"Individual differences in behaviorally evoked cardiovascular response: temporal stability and hemodynamic patterning","volume":"27","author":"Kasprowicz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"R4-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(99)00074-4","article-title":"Hemodynamic profile of stress-induced anticipation and recovery","volume":"34","author":"Gregg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"R5-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02120.x","article-title":"Reproducibility of blood pressure and heart rate reactivity: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Swain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"R6-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.00039","article-title":"Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular reactivity to stress in mid-aged and older women: long-term temporal consistency of individual differences","volume":"40","author":"Burleson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"R7-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.143164","article-title":"Long-term stability of cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to stress tests: an 18-year follow-up study","volume":"55","author":"Hassellund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R8-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12231","article-title":"Three-year stability of cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system responses to psychological stress","volume":"51","author":"Dragomir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"R10-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.01.001","article-title":"Inflammatory and hemostatic responses to repeated mental stress: individual stability and habituation over time","volume":"20","author":"Hamer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"R11-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E29","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2132","article-title":"Cortisol responses to mental stress and incident hypertension in healthy men and women","volume":"97","author":"Hamer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R12-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200301000-00007","article-title":"Cardiovascular reactivity and development of preclinical and clinical disease states","volume":"65","author":"Treiber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"R13-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.96.3.435","article-title":"Acute psychophysiologic reactivity and risk of cardiovascular disease: a review and methodologic critique","volume":"96","author":"Krantz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R14-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hps007","article-title":"Exploring the link between cardiovascular reactivity and end-organ damage in African and Caucasian men: the SABPA study","volume":"26","author":"Huisman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"R15-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182359808","article-title":"Blood pressure reactions to acute mental stress and future blood pressure status: data from the 12-year follow-up of the West of Scotland Study","volume":"73","author":"Carroll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"R16-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7080.553","article-title":"Interaction of workplace demands and cardiovascular reactivity in progression of carotid atherosclerosis: population based study","volume":"314","author":"Everson","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R17-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01463.x","article-title":"Increased blood pressure reactions to acute mental stress are associated with 16-year cardiovascular disease mortality","volume":"49","author":"Carroll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"R18-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000973","article-title":"Cardiovascular stress reactivity and health: recent questions and future directions","volume":"83","author":"Whittaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"R19-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92961-2","article-title":"Acute mental stress-induced alpha or beta-adrenergic reactivity patterns linked to unique cardiometabolic risk profiles","volume":"15","author":"Wentzel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R20-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70809","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70809","article-title":"Resting neuroendocrine markers in relation to acute mental stress-induced adrenergic reactivity profiles in adults: the SABPA study","volume":"14","author":"Naud\u00e9","year":"2026","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"R21-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu199","article-title":"Cohort profile: Sympathetic activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans (SABPA) prospective cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Malan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R22-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71024","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.71024","article-title":"Differential associations of oxidative stress parameters with neuroendocrine markers and hemodynamic reactivity in acute mental stress-induced adrenergic reactivity profiles: the SABPA study","volume":"14","author":"Naud\u00e9","year":"2026","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"R23-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"lancet"},{"key":"R24-20261009","first-page":"1628","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration","volume":"4","author":"Vandenbrouckel","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R25-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","article-title":"Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R26-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2015.2434215","article-title":"Oscillometric blood pressure estimation: past, present, and future","volume":"8","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"R27-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-025-02207-x","article-title":"Challenges and pitfalls of cuff oscillometric blood pressure measurement","volume":"48","author":"Palatini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"R28-20261009","first-page":"15","article-title":"The meaning of the point of maximum oscillations in cuff pressure in the indirect measurement of blood pressure","volume":"8","author":"Posey","year":"1969","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res Center Bull"},{"key":"R29-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-022-00693-x","article-title":"Automated \u2018oscillometric\u2019 blood pressure measuring devices: how they work and what they measure","volume":"37","author":"Sharman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"R30-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000087","article-title":"Measurement of blood pressure in humans: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"73","author":"Muntner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R32-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.10022","article-title":"Mean arterial pressure (MAP): an alternative and preferable measurement to systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients for hypotension detection during hemapheresis","volume":"17","author":"Henry","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"R33-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199912000-00028","article-title":"Validity of predicting mean arterial blood pressure during exercise","volume":"31","author":"MacDougall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R34-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026","article-title":"2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines","volume":"75","author":"Unger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R35-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.54.5.484","article-title":"Characteristics of episodes of ST elevation or ST depression during ambulatory monitoring in patients subsequently undergoing coronary angiography","volume":"54","author":"Von Arnim","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"R36-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1053\/cd.2001.v26.acd0102611680","article-title":"Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring for myocardial ischemia","volume":"26","author":"Deedwania","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"R37-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mbp.0000209075.38331.5f","article-title":"Myocardial ischemia during everyday life in patients with arterial hypertension: prevalence, risk factors, triggering mechanism and circadian variability","volume":"11","author":"Uen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood Press Monit"},{"key":"R38-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487317694465","article-title":"Troponin T release is associated with silent myocardial ischaemia in black men: the SABPA Study","volume":"24","author":"Griffiths","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"(4A)","key":"R39-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90971-X","article-title":"Total ischemic burden: definition, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications","volume":"81","author":"Cohn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R40-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.4.1083","article-title":"Silent ST depression and cardiovascular end-organ damage in newly found, older hypertensives","volume":"37","author":"Terpstra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R41-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S2419","article-title":"ST segment depression in hypertensive patients: a comparison of exercise test versus Holter ECG","volume":"4","author":"Uen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"R42-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz082","article-title":"Ethnicity-specific changes in cardiac troponin T in response to acute mental stress and ethnicity-specific cutpoints for the R wave of the aVL lead","volume":"188","author":"Wentzel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R43-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-018-0673-4","article-title":"Retinal vasculature reactivity during flicker light provocation, cardiac stress and stroke risk in Africans: the SABPA Study","volume":"10","author":"Wentzel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"R44-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282fe1d28","article-title":"Validation of brachial artery pressure reconstruction from finger arterial pressure","volume":"26","author":"Guelen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"R45-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00126097-200302000-00006","article-title":"Finometer, finger pressure measurements with the possibility to reconstruct brachial pressure","volume":"8","author":"Guelen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood Press Monit"},{"key":"R46-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/XCE.0000000000000019","article-title":"Acute cardiometabolic responses facilitating a state of chronic hyperglycemia and renal impairment","volume":"3","author":"Joosten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Endocrinol"},{"key":"R47-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.5.2566","article-title":"Computation of aortic flow from pressure in humans using a nonlinear, three-element model","volume":"74","author":"Wesseling","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"R48-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2460080407","article-title":"A comparison of cardiovascular reactivity of rural blacks, urban blacks and whites","volume":"8","author":"Malan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stress Med"},{"key":"R49-20261009","first-page":"69","article-title":"Cardiovascular reactivity in Black South-African males of different age groups: the influence of urbanization","volume":"12","author":"van Rooyen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"R50-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0203_1","article-title":"Hemodynamic responses during psychological stress: implications for studying disease processes","volume":"2","author":"Sherwood","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"R51-20261009","first-page":"370","article-title":"Zur dynamik des herzmuskels","author":"Frank","year":"1895","journal-title":"Zeitschr Biol"},{"key":"R52-20261009","first-page":"483","article-title":"Die Grundform des pulses","volume":"37","author":"Frank","year":"1899","journal-title":"Z Biol"},{"key":"R53-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-008-0359-2","article-title":"The arterial Windkessel","volume":"47","author":"Westerhof","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"R54-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.06.012","article-title":"Vascular phenotype of obese adolescents with prediabetes and\/or Type 2 diabetes (T2DM): review of the current literature","volume":"10","author":"Brar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"R56-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M618","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.10.M618","article-title":"High urinary catecholamine excretion predicts mortality and functional decline in high-functioning, community-dwelling older persons: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging","volume":"55","author":"Reuben","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"R58-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr5070","article-title":"Comparison between twenty-four-hour collection and single spot urines for the detection of biogenic amines by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"16","author":"Rosato","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"R60-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.07.492","article-title":"Chronic defensiveness and neuroendocrine dysfunction reflect a novel cardiac troponin T cut point: the SABPA study","volume":"85","author":"Malan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R61-20261009","first-page":"S13","article-title":"American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019","volume":"42","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"(11b)","key":"R62-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2018.v108i11.13383","article-title":"South African dyslipidaemia guideline consensus statement: 2018 update a joint statement from the South African Heart Association (SA Heart) and the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Society of Southern Africa (LASSA)","volume":"108","author":"Klug","year":"2018","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"R63-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/24709360.2020.1850171","article-title":"Moving from two-to multiway interactions among binary risk factors on the additive scale","volume":"4","author":"Katsoulis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biostatist Epidemiol"},{"key":"R64-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2025.107657","article-title":"Psychobiological reactivity to acute psychological stress as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"183","author":"Chauntry","year":"2026","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"R65-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","article-title":"Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use","volume":"93","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R66-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834fcf82","article-title":"Facilitated defensive coping, silent ischaemia and ECG left-ventricular hypertrophy: the SABPA study","volume":"30","author":"Malan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"R68-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0515-y","article-title":"Heart rate variability, the dynamic nature of the retinal microvasculature and cardiac stress: providing insight into the brain\u2013retina\u2013heart link: the SABPA study","volume":"34","author":"Wentzel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"(Pt 2)","key":"R69-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(88)90557-1","article-title":"Transition from high cardiac output to elevated vascular resistance in hypertension","volume":"116","author":"Julius","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"R70-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(76)90021-9","article-title":"Afterload mismatch and preload reserve: a conceptual framework for the analysis of ventricular function","volume":"18","author":"Ross","year":"1976","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"R71-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1541","article-title":"High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) as a predictor of incident diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"40","author":"Whelton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R72-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-50-4-680","article-title":"Influence of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol on glucose homeostasis in normal man","volume":"50","author":"Sacc\u00e0","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R73-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Adrenergic control of lipid metabolism","author":"Smith","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1983.tb01612.x"},{"issue":"(Suppl 9)","key":"R74-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-198700109-00002","article-title":"Regulation of lipoprotein metabolism by adrenergic mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Dzau","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"R76-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(00)00155-0","article-title":"Psychophysiological correlates of individual differences in patterns of hemodynamic reactivity","volume":"40","author":"Lawler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"R77-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2022.2067210","article-title":"Old ideas, new directions: re-examining the predictive utility of the hemodynamic profile of the stress response in healthy populations","volume":"17","author":"Howard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"key":"R78-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925692","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.925692","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenergic receptor desensitization\/down-regulation in heart failure: a friend or foe?","volume":"9","author":"Mahmood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"R79-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.7.763","article-title":"Association of (1-adrenergic receptor genetic polymorphism with mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"168","author":"Hassan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R80-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000062686.72615.9B","article-title":"Differences in the bioenergetic response of the isolated perfused rat heart to selective \u03b21-and \u03b22-adrenergic receptor stimulation","volume":"107","author":"McConville","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R81-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1179","article-title":"Detection of abnormal glucose tolerance in Africans is improved by combining A1C with fasting glucose: the Africans in America Study","volume":"38","author":"Sumner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R82-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109714","article-title":"Adrenergic mechanisms for the effects of epinephrine on glucose production and clearance in man","volume":"65","author":"Rizza","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"(2A)","key":"R83-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90168-3","article-title":"Effects of alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on lipid metabolism","volume":"80","author":"Ferrara","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R84-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(02)00589-1","article-title":"Lipases and HDL metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R85-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2016.128","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenergic receptor and insulin resistance in the heart","volume":"25","author":"Mangmool","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomol Ther (Seoul)"},{"key":"R86-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2015-1201","article-title":"Sustained \u03b2AR stimulation mediates cardiac insulin resistance in a PKA-dependent manner","volume":"30","author":"Mangmool","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R87-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.09.004","article-title":"Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity define adipocyte transcriptional programs in human obesity","volume":"18","author":"Gerlini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"R88-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.020","article-title":"Genetic variations in G-protein signal pathways influence progression of coronary artery calcification: results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study","volume":"310","author":"Klenke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"R89-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104599","article-title":"Psychological stress reactivity and future health and disease outcomes: a systematic review of prospective evidence","volume":"114","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"R90-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01024-y","article-title":"Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update","volume":"21","author":"Vaccarino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"R91-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.21608\/odr.2025.347446.1046","article-title":"Pleiotropic effect of statins: beyond cholesterol reduction","volume":"6","author":"Zarief","year":"2025","journal-title":"Octahedron Drug Res"},{"key":"R93-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000179581.68566.7d","article-title":"Slow breathing improves arterial baroreflex sensitivity and decreases blood pressure in essential hypertension","volume":"46","author":"Joseph","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R94-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025719","article-title":"Mind over matter: reappraising arousal improves cardiovascular and cognitive responses to stress","volume":"141","author":"Jamieson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"R95-20261009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21926\/obm.icm.2503034","article-title":"Exercise training and cardioprotection in cardiovascular disease: a review of mechanisms","volume":"010","author":"Fallahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"OBM Integr Complement Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000004454","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:00:24Z","timestamp":1791558024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000004454"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":86,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/hjh.0000000000004454","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-6352","1473-5598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-6352","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}