{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:52:17Z","timestamp":1774986737325,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of global mortality. Although overall incidence is declining, this trend is less evident among younger individuals, emphasizing the need to better understand modifiable risk factors and clinical outcomes in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to analyze the clinical profile and outcomes of young patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a contemporary cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective cohort study included patients aged \u226518 years with confirmed STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention at a tertiary university hospital from March 2011 to January 2025. Patients were stratified into two groups: young (\u226445 years) and older (&gt;45 years). The primary outcome was inhospital mortality. A two-sided significance level of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05 was adopted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 2050 patients were included; 191 (9.3%) were \u226445 years old (mean age: 39.9 years). Younger patients showed significantly lower inhospital mortality (4.2% vs. 12.1%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), shorter median length of stay (5 vs. 6 days;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), and lower incidence of long-term major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (15.2% vs. 24.7%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). They had a higher prevalence of active smoking (57.1% vs. 40.6%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), illicit drug use (18.3% vs. 10.0%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), HIV infection (4.7% vs. 2.2%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003), and family history of coronary artery disease (24.2% vs. 12.4%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young STEMI patients presented with fewer comorbidities and lower inhospital mortality, but a higher prevalence of behavioral risk factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies and early detection to improve long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/hpc.0000000000000403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T20:00:28Z","timestamp":1758830428000},"page":"e0403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Profile and Outcomes of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients Under 45 Years"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Matheus Sacco","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ot\u00e1vio de Oliveira","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg\u00f3rio Furian Rossler","family":"Zanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wagner","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AntoniaStumpf","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina Porto","family":"Nassif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Augusto Martins","family":"Barcellos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Castilhos de Freitas","family":"Crivelaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Wainstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Pinheiro","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro Cadaval","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcae049","article-title":"Global Burden of ischemic heart disease from 2022 to 2050: projections of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years.","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J - Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"R3-20260331","first-page":"e9349","article-title":"Global epidemiology of ischemic heart disease: results from the global burden of disease study.","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R4-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.12.009","article-title":"Global burden of ischemic heart disease in adolescents and young adults, 1990-2019.","volume":"66","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"R5-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.02.005","article-title":"Comparison of characteristics of patients aged \u226445 years versus >45 years with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (from the AIDA STEMI CMR substudy).","volume":"117","author":"Reinstadler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R6-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs215","article-title":"ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation.","volume":"33","author":"Steg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R7-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies.","volume":"61","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R8-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000525","article-title":"Contemporary management of cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.","volume":"136","author":"Van Diepen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R9-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0252503","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252503","article-title":"In-hospital mortality among consecutive patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in modern primary percutaneous intervention era ~ insights from 15-year data of single-center hospital-based registry ~.","volume":"16","author":"Takagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R10-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.028","article-title":"Hospital length of stay and clinical outcomes in older STEMI patients after primary PCI: a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry.","volume":"65","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R11-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-316067","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and outcome of young patients with myocardial infarction.","volume":"106","author":"Jortveit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"R12-20260331","first-page":"e08252023","article-title":"Changes in tobacco use and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: National Student Health Survey.","volume":"29","author":"Malta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cien Saude Colet"},{"key":"R13-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.09.007","article-title":"E-cigarettes and myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"371","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"R14-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000001006","article-title":"Coronary artery calcium testing in young adults.","volume":"38","author":"Razavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"R15-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.3728","article-title":"HIV infection and the risk of acute myocardial infarction.","volume":"173","author":"Freiberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"R16-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.122.318232","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and thrombosis in HIV infection.","volume":"43","author":"Perkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R17-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20240079","DOI":"10.36660\/abc.20240079","article-title":"Estat\u00edstica cardiovascular\u2014Brasil 2023.","volume":"121","author":"Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"R18-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.36660\/abc.20211055","article-title":"Estrat\u00e9gia f\u00e1rmaco-invasiva no infarto do mioc\u00e1rdio: An\u00e1lise descritiva, apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o de sintomas isqu\u00eamicos e preditores de mortalidade.","volume":"119","author":"Bianco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"R19-20260331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2022.06.008","article-title":"High risk of post-myocardial infarction cardiac arrest in young adults.","volume":"2","author":"Jafary","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Asia"}],"container-title":["Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/HPC.0000000000000403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:01:50Z","timestamp":1774983710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/HPC.0000000000000403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/hpc.0000000000000403","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-2811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-2811","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]}}}