{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:45:12Z","timestamp":1780922712731,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015731","name":"Bayer Yakuhin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["11MF010903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11MF010903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The natural course of the visual acuity in eyes with myopic macular neovascularization is poor. Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents have demonstrated safety and efficacy in the short term for managing myopic macular neovascularization. The purpose of this study was to determine the 4-year outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept injections.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A retrospective monocentric study including 49 eyes of 48 patients diagnosed with myopic macular neovascularization. These patients underwent treatment with intravitreal aflibercept using the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pro re nata<\/jats:italic> regimen after the first injection. The minimum follow-up duration was 4 years.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The patients had an average age of 63.8 years and an average axial length of 29.7 mm. The mean number of intravitreal aflibercept injections was 1.6, and 30 eyes (61.2%) had a single injection. At the baseline and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, the mean best-corrected visual acuities were 20\/45, 20\/41, 20\/43, 20\/51, and 20\/53, respectively. The differences in the best-corrected visual acuity at the different times from that at the baseline were not significant.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intravitreal aflibercept therapy with the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pro re nata<\/jats:italic> regimen provides a 4-year visual benefit in eyes with myopic macular neovascularization, and it is better than the reported natural course in maintaining the best-corrected visual acuity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000004341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T22:00:09Z","timestamp":1732744809000},"page":"464-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["FOUR-YEAR OUTCOMES AFTER INTRAVITREAL AFLIBERCEPT FOR MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Yuka","family":"Mizuno-Onishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Uramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsuko","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Ohno-Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.12.001","article-title":"Updates of pathologic myopia","volume":"52","author":"Ohno-Matsui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R4-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.11.003","article-title":"Long-term pattern of progression of myopic maculopathy: a natural history study","volume":"117","author":"Hayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R5-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.08.010","article-title":"Epidemiology and disease burden of pathologic myopia and myopic choroidal neovascularization: an evidence-based systematic review","volume":"157","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00461-5","article-title":"Myopic choroidal neovascularization: a 10-year follow-up","volume":"110","author":"Yoshida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R7-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icu.0000120709.35941.e9","article-title":"Myopic choroidal neovascularization: natural course and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Ohno-Matsui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.10.005","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment guideline for myopic choroidal neovascularization due to pathologic myopia","volume":"63","author":"Ohno-Matsui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R9-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06271-2","article-title":"Treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization: a network meta-analysis and review","volume":"262","author":"Glachs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.023","article-title":"RADIANCE: a randomized controlled study of ranibizumab in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia","volume":"121","author":"Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R11-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.01.025","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept injection in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization: the MYRROR study","volume":"122","author":"Ikuno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R12-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000632","article-title":"Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia: six years outcome","volume":"35","author":"Ruiz-Moreno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R13-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3076-1","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization due to pathologic myopia: long-term outcomes","volume":"254","author":"Sarao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002164","article-title":"Five-year outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab for choroidal neovascularization in patients with pathologic myopia","volume":"39","author":"Onishi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R15-20250226","first-page":"1863","article-title":"Ten-year visual outcome and change in chorioretinal atrophy after intravitreal ranibizumab for macular neovascularization in pathologic myopia","volume":"43","author":"Sakata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R16-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001313","article-title":"Six-year outcomes of intravitreal Bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization in patinets with pathologic myopia","volume":"37","author":"Kasahara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R17-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.10.36","article-title":"Evaluation of molecular properties versus in vivo performance of aflibercept, brolucizumab, and ranibizumab in a retinal vascular hyperpermeability model","volume":"11","author":"Schubert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"R18-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03214-7","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of aflibercept and ranibizumab in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration with retinal pigment epithelial detachment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304019","article-title":"Different effects of intravitreally injected ranibizumab and aflibercept on retinal and choroidal tissues of monkey eyes","volume":"98","author":"Julien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001117","article-title":"Permeability and anti\u2013vascular endothelial growth factor effects of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept in polarized retinal pigment epithelial layer in vitro","volume":"37","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R21-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02261-1","article-title":"The efficacy of different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and prognostic biomarkers in monitoring of the treatment for myopic choroidal neovascularization","volume":"42","author":"Karasu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-04214-w","article-title":"Effect of intravitreal injection of aflibercept or ranibizumab on chorioretinal atrophy in myopic choroidal neovascularization","volume":"257","author":"Sayanagi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.09.009","article-title":"SIERRA-AMD: a retrospective, real-world evidence study of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Khanani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"R24-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000446027","article-title":"Ranibizumab in myopic choroidal neovascularization: a subgroup analysis by ethnicity, age, and ocular characteristics in RADIANCE","volume":"236","author":"Holz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R25-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0192-2","article-title":"Real-world data on ranibizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization due to pathologic myopia: results from a postmarketing surveillance in Japan","volume":"32","author":"Ohno-Matsui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R26-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11352","article-title":"Macular Bruch's membrane defects and axial length: association with gamma zone and delta zone in peripapillary region","volume":"54","author":"Jonas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R27-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.11.014","article-title":"Macular Bruch membrane holes in choroidal neovascularization-related myopic macular atrophy by swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"162","author":"Ohno-Matsui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R28-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05142-y","article-title":"Choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathological myopia-macular Bruch membrane defects as prognostic factor to anti-VEGF treatment","volume":"259","author":"Coelho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R29-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2022-8","article-title":"Long-term effect of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agent for visual acuity and chorioretinal atrophy progression in myopic choroidal neovascularization","volume":"251","author":"Oishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R30-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001384","article-title":"Choroidal thickness and chorioretinal atrophy in myopic choroidal neovascularization with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R31-20250226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001862","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept and ranibizumab injections for type 3 neovascularization","volume":"38","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T13:00:49Z","timestamp":1740574849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000004341","relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-004X","1539-2864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-004X","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-2864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}}}