{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:44:29Z","timestamp":1790613869939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0b013e318221594a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,29]],"date-time":"2011-07-29T02:50:47Z","timestamp":1311907847000},"page":"1525-1533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181a94f01","article-title":"Intravitreal injection of therapeutic agents.","volume":"29","author":"Peyman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R2-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e328338679a","article-title":"Complications of intravitreal injections.","volume":"21","author":"Sampat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200410000-00002","article-title":"Risks of intravitreous injection: a comprehensive review.","volume":"24","author":"Jager","year":"2004","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R4-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S11094","article-title":"Intravitreal injection analysis at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute: evaluation of clinical indications for the treatment and incidence rates of endophthalmitis.","volume":"4","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00483-5","article-title":"Acute endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.","volume":"136","author":"Moshfeghi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.02.022","article-title":"Ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase III study.","volume":"117","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R7-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.10.052","article-title":"Ranibizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a phase I\/II multicenter, controlled, multidose study.","volume":"113","author":"Heier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R8-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32052-9","article-title":"Prophylaxis of endophthalmitis with topical povidone-iodine.","volume":"98","author":"Speaker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R9-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.09.001","article-title":"Treatment of acute retinal necrosis.","volume":"117","author":"Tibbetts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R10-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0981","article-title":"Visual acuities hand motion and counting fingers can be quantified with the Freiburg visual acuity test.","volume":"47","author":"Schulze-Bonsel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R11-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054481","article-title":"Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.","volume":"355","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R12-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.04.011","article-title":"The risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone injection in the DRCRnet and SCORE clinical trials.","volume":"144","author":"Bhavsar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.02.021","article-title":"Ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase III study.","volume":"117","author":"Campochiaro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R14-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.02.031","article-title":"Randomized trial evaluating ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema.","volume":"117","author":"Elman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R15-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042760","article-title":"Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.","volume":"351","author":"Gragoudas","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R16-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903081752","article-title":"Endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections.","volume":"10","author":"Schwartz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"R17-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.7","article-title":"Incidence and management of acute endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection.","volume":"23","author":"Artunay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R18-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31819d2591","article-title":"Infectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of antiangiogenic agents.","volume":"29","author":"Diago","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R19-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181884fd2","article-title":"Incidence of endophthalmitis related to intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and ranibizumab.","volume":"28","author":"Fintak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R20-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.099598","article-title":"The International Intravitreal Bevacizumab Safety Survey: using the Internet to assess drug safety worldwide.","volume":"90","author":"Fung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.10","article-title":"Short-term complications of intravitreal injections of triamcinolone and bevacizumab.","volume":"22","author":"Jonas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R22-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225.e1.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.02.031","article-title":"Endophthalmitis after anti-VEGF injections.","volume":"116","author":"Klein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R23-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702416","article-title":"Ocular morbidity associated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.","volume":"21","author":"Konstantopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R24-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181633fee","article-title":"3rd, White MF, Feist RM, et al. Incidence of acute onset endophthalmitis following intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection.","volume":"28","author":"Mason","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R25-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.12.036","article-title":"Endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy injections in an office setting.","volume":"145","author":"Pilli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.8.1075","article-title":"Acute endophthalmitis incidence: intravitreal triamcinolone.","volume":"123","author":"Westfall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R27-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0660-z","article-title":"Twelve-month safety of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (Avastin): results of the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES).","volume":"246","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R28-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.01.025","article-title":"Acute-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (2000-2004): incidence, clinical settings, and visual acuity outcomes after treatment.","volume":"139","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R29-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200310000-00014","article-title":"Infectious and presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.","volume":"23","author":"Nelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R30-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.9.1279","article-title":"Noninfectious endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal triamcinolone injection.","volume":"121","author":"Roth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R31-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.034","article-title":"Anatomic and visual outcomes of noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone.","volume":"147","author":"Yoon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R32-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.007","article-title":"Acute intraocular inflammation after intravitreous injections of bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.","volume":"115","author":"Wickremasinghe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R33-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.138479","article-title":"Characteristics of severe intraocular inflammation following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin).","volume":"93","author":"Georgopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R34-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0742-5","article-title":"Risk factors for antibiotic-resistant conjunctival bacterial flora in patients undergoing intraocular surgery.","volume":"241","author":"Mino de Kaspar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R35-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S6461","article-title":"Endophthalmitis: Pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management, and perspectives.","volume":"4","author":"Kernt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R36-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00090-8","article-title":"Mucosal defense of the outer eye.","volume":"42","author":"McClellan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R38-10-20210130","first-page":"683","article-title":"The meaning of preoperative cultures in ophthalmology.","volume":"73","author":"Allansmith","year":"1969","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R39-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.02.030","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of ocular bacterial flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injections.","volume":"117","author":"Moss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R40-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.03.034","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of conjunctiva and nasopharynx evaluation study: a prospective study of patients undergoing intravitreal injections.","volume":"117","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R41-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.2.3.315","article-title":"Classification and identification of the viridans streptococci.","volume":"2","author":"Coykendall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R42-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1991.tb00466.x","article-title":"Ecology of viridans streptococci in the oral cavity and pharynx.","volume":"6","author":"Frandsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"R43-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.613-630.2002","article-title":"What happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes.","volume":"15","author":"Facklam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R44-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl087","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment of infective endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci highly susceptible to penicillin: historic overview and future considerations.","volume":"57","author":"Verhagen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R45-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/003655400750044908","article-title":"Infective endocarditis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the new millennium.","volume":"32","author":"Alestig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R46-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080180070030","article-title":"Endophthalmitis caused by streptococcal species.","volume":"110","author":"Mao","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R47-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71048-7","article-title":"Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus mitis.","volume":"123","author":"Harrison","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R48-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-1163-4","article-title":"Devastating endophthalmitis following penetrating ocular injury during night sleep from orthodontic headgear: case report and literature review.","volume":"244","author":"Blum-Hareuveni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R49-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20090301-06","article-title":"Streptococcus mitis endophthalmitis presenting as frosted branch angiitis after intravitreal pegaptanib sodium injection.","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging"},{"key":"R50-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2006.03602.x","article-title":"Surgical masks may reduce serious postoperative cataract complications.","volume":"76","author":"Stack","year":"2006","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"R51-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.304","article-title":"Risk of endophthalmitis after intravitreal drug injection when topical antibiotics are not required: the diabetic retinopathy clinical research network laser-ranibizumab-triamcinolone clinical trials.","volume":"127","author":"Bhavsar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R52-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.7.974","article-title":"The role of topical antibiotic prophylaxis for intravitreal injections.","volume":"125","author":"Scott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R53-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-007-1634-6","article-title":"[Incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal Avastin injection with and without postoperative topical antibiotic application.","volume":"104","author":"Meyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"] Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"R56-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.9.975","article-title":"The use of surgical facemasks during cataract surgery: is it necessary?","volume":"86","author":"Alwitry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R57-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31816b3180","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of ocular surface and needles in patients undergoing intravitreal injections.","volume":"28","author":"de Caro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R58-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210901900215","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of needle points after intravitreal injection.","volume":"19","author":"Nentwich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R59-10-20210130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31820a67e4","article-title":"Meta-analysis of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents: causative organisms and possible prevention strategies.","volume":"31","author":"McCannel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006982-201109000-00010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T20:23:28Z","timestamp":1786047808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006982-201109000-00010"}},"subtitle":["The Importance of Viridans Streptococci"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0b013e318221594a","relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-004X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-004X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}