{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:47:32Z","timestamp":1778622452639,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/icb.0b013e3181f66d3b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,20]],"date-time":"2010-11-20T10:03:07Z","timestamp":1290247387000},"page":"318-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["CATASTROPHIC ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME AND COCAINE ABUSE ASSOCIATED WITH BILATERAL RETINAL VASCULAR OCCLUSIONS"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"John P","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryn M","family":"Burkholder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199907)42:7<1309::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome: report of an international workshop.","volume":"42","author":"Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R2-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74073-5","article-title":"Sudden retinal manifestations of intranasal cocaine and methamphetamine abuse.","volume":"114","author":"Zeiter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90033-7","article-title":"Cocaine-associated retinal vascular occlusion: report of two cases.","volume":"97","author":"Sleiman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R4-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700174","article-title":"Cocaine-associated central retinal artery occlusion in a young man.","volume":"16","author":"Michaelides","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R5-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu394oa","article-title":"Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: international consensus statement on classification criteria and treatment guidelines.","volume":"12","author":"Asherson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"R6-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.193","article-title":"Bilateral simultaneous central retinal vein occlusion secondary to hyperviscosity in Waldenstroms macroglobulinaemia.","volume":"22","author":"Alexander","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R7-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2008.12.007","article-title":"Case report: bilateral simultaneous central retinal vein occlusion in Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia.","volume":"80","author":"Chanana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"R8-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.12.017","article-title":"Systemic considerations in bilateral central retinal vein occlusion.","volume":"78","author":"Tomasini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"R9-14-20210126","first-page":"128","article-title":"Branch retinal vein occlusion.","volume":"20","author":"Hamid","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"R10-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1726-4901(08)70144-8","article-title":"Severe vaso-occlusive retinopathy as the primary manifestation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"71","author":"Ho","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"R11-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1955.00930020676007","article-title":"Bilateral central retinal artery occlusion; occurrence in a patient with cortisone-treated systemic lupus erythematosus, sickle cell trait, and active pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"54","author":"Kabakow","year":"1955","journal-title":"AMA Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.10.1195","article-title":"Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"40","author":"Leibovitch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"R13-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.164","article-title":"Bilateral combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in systemic lupus erythematosus resulting in complete blindness.","volume":"23","author":"Mendrinos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R14-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.258","article-title":"Ocular manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome.","volume":"117","author":"Ostanek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pol Arch Med Wewn"},{"key":"R15-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1973.01000050258015","article-title":"Acute blindness in early syphilis.","volume":"90","author":"Smith","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-14-20210126","first-page":"191","article-title":"Simultaneous occlusion of the central retinal artery and vein.","volume":"77","author":"Richards","year":"1979","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"R17-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00784-0","article-title":"Bartonella henselae infection associated with neuroretinitis, central retinal artery and vein occlusion, neovascular glaucoma, and severe vision loss.","volume":"137","author":"Gray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.51.8.513","article-title":"Occult temporal arteritis. A common cause of blindness in old age.","volume":"51","author":"Cullen","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00693.x","article-title":"Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in Churg-Strauss syndrome: case report.","volume":"84","author":"Hamann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"R20-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.9.1304","article-title":"Bilateral combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and vein secondary to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.","volume":"118","author":"Schwartz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200406000-00025","article-title":"Posterior scleritis causing combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion.","volume":"24","author":"Shukla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R22-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.27077","article-title":"Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion secondary to systemic non-Hodgkins lymphoma.","volume":"54","author":"Shukla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2004.00850.x","article-title":"Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion from orbital inflammatory pseudotumour.","volume":"32","author":"Foroozan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R24-14-20210126","first-page":"27","article-title":"Bilateral central retinal vein occlusions combined with artery occlusions in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.","volume":"18","author":"Wen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Yan Ke Xue Bao"},{"key":"R25-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492008000200029","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome and bilateral retinal artery and vein occlusion: case report.","volume":"71","author":"Beckhauser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R26-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309345751","article-title":"Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome.","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"R27-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2005.03.005","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with retinal venous occlusion.","volume":"117","author":"Paccalin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"R28-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-008-1811-2","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome and retinal vein occlusion: meta-analysis of published studies.","volume":"106","author":"Rehak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"R29-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2006.11.005","article-title":"Ocular manifestations in antiphospholipid syndrome.","volume":"6","author":"Suvajac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"R30-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200212000-00016","article-title":"Consecutive central retinal artery and vein occlusions in primary antiphospholipid syndrome.","volume":"22","author":"Levy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R31-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00311-6","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies and retinal thrombosis in patients without risk factors: a prospective case-control study.","volume":"128","author":"Cobo-Soriano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R32-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(96)00119-3","article-title":"Antiphospholipid-protein antibodies are not an uncommon feature in retinal venous occlusions.","volume":"83","author":"Coniglio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"R33-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339600500413","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies and retinal vascular disease.","volume":"5","author":"Dunn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"R34-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090180088041","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies in retinal vascular occlusions. A prospective study of 75 patients.","volume":"112","author":"Glacet-Bernard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R35-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000096521","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies in ocular arterial and venous occlusive disease.","volume":"221","author":"Palmowski-Wolfe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R36-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-198707040-00002","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with retinal vascular disease.","volume":"7","author":"Pulido","year":"1987","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R38-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0987-0","article-title":"Selective thrombophilia screening of young patients with retinal vein occlusion.","volume":"247","author":"Kuhli-Hattenbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R39-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181b9b3a0","article-title":"Central retinal vein occlusion in a young Chinese population: risk factors and associated morbidity and mortality.","volume":"30","author":"Kuo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R40-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200309000-00008","article-title":"Hypercoagulable states and central retinal vein occlusion.","volume":"9","author":"Lahey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"R41-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.5.692","article-title":"Retinal vein occlusion and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis.","volume":"126","author":"OMahoney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R43-14-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827982","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/827982","article-title":"Central retinal vein occlusion with therapeutic level of anticoagulation.","volume":"2009","author":"Salim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Case Report Med"}],"container-title":["RETINAL Cases &amp; Brief Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01271216-201100540-00014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T03:14:11Z","timestamp":1740712451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01271216-201100540-00014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/icb.0b013e3181f66d3b","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-1089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-1089","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}