{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:02:20Z","timestamp":1762542140013},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retinal astrocytic hamartoma is a benign glial tumor found in the nerve fiber layer, and it is most commonly reported as a solitary lesion. Multiple or bilateral lesions may be indicative of systemic disease, such as tuberous sclerosis complex or neurofibromatosis 1. We present three unique cases of multifocal and bilateral retinal astrocytic hamartomas in patients with suspected tuberous sclerosis complex. The typical features, diagnosis, management, and systemic implications of these retinal lesions are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Consecutive case series at a university-based ophthalmology clinic.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The age of the patients ranged from 9 years to 27 years. The patients came from different ethnic backgrounds and had no known family history of tuberous sclerosis complex or neurofibromatosis. Two of the three patients had asthma, along with brain and kidney tumors. Two of the three patients had a seizure disorder, and one of the three patients had mental retardation. Only one patient presented with an ocular complaint of decreased vision, as a result of a presumed unrelated process. All patients had bilateral and multifocal astrocytic hamartomas.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Multifocal retinal astrocytic hamartomas are unique and can be the first manifestation of a systemic disease such as tuberous sclerosis complex or neurofibromatosis 1. Prompt referral for imaging and workup with the appropriate medical subspecialty can help prevent or delay the morbidity related to these systemic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/icb.0b013e318271ee7f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,7]],"date-time":"2012-12-07T12:16:26Z","timestamp":1354882586000},"page":"9-13","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["MULTIFOCAL RETINAL ASTROCYTIC HAMARTOMAS"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Bui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yannek I.","family":"Leiderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer I.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William F.","family":"Mieler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20240721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1976.03910040149003","article-title":"Retinal lesions in tuberous sclerosis.","volume":"94","author":"Nyboer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-3-20240721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.4.420","article-title":"Ophthalmic manifestations of tuberous sclerosis: a population based study.","volume":"85","author":"Rowley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-3-20240721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(86)80096-1","article-title":"High incidence of fundus hamartomas and clinical significance of a fundus score in tuberous sclerosis.","volume":"8","author":"Kiribuchi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"R4-3-20240721","first-page":"160","article-title":"Astrocytic tumors of the retina. Differentiation of sporadic tumors from phakomatosis-associated tumors.","volume":"108","author":"Ulbright","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"R5-3-20240721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080050076033","article-title":". Retinal manifestations of neurofibromatosis. Diagnosis and management.","volume":"109","author":"Destro","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-3-20240721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71174-2","article-title":"Long-term observation of retinal lesions in tuberous sclerosis.","volume":"119","author":"Zimmer-Galler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-3-20240721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00781.x","article-title":". Current treatment modalities for exudative retinal hamartomas secondary to tuberous sclerosis: review of the literature.","volume":"85","author":"Mennel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"R8-3-20240721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2007.01151.x","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin to induce regression of aggressive retinal astrocytoma.","volume":"86","author":"Eskelin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-3-20240721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.6.856","article-title":"Aggressive retina astrocytomas in 4 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.","volume":"123","author":"Shields","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-3-20240721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801301206","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex consensus conference: revised clinical diagnostic criteria.","volume":"13","author":"Roach","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"}],"container-title":["RETINAL Cases &amp; Brief Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01271216-201300710-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T08:00:54Z","timestamp":1721548854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01271216-201300710-00003"}},"subtitle":["A CASE SERIES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/icb.0b013e318271ee7f","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-1089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-1089","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}