{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:24:57Z","timestamp":1785543897157,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Corneal neovascularization is the main risk factor for graft rejection after high-risk penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Corneal crosslinking (CXL) has been shown to regress pathological corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and to reduce the risk of graft rejection after high-risk PK experimentally in mice. The aim of this work was to analyze whether CXL is also able to regress corneal neovascularization in patients and is a safe procedure in the context of high-risk PK.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This retrospective case series included 5 patients with progressive corneal neovascularization and the need for high-risk PK because of graft rejection and\/or keratitis that received CXL and PK between April 2019 and January 2020. CXL was performed before or in combination with PK and the effect of CXL on corneal neovascularization was assessed morphometrically on slit-lamp images. Patients were followed up to determine the incidence of adverse effects and graft rejection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In 1 case, peripheral corneal CXL was performed first as a single procedure, followed by an additional peripheral CXL procedure combined with PK. In all other cases, peripheral CXL was directly combined with PK. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. Peripheral CXL resulted in a reduction of corneal neovascularization (mean reduction of 70.5% \u00b1 22.7%). Revascularization was not observed. All transplants remained clear and without immune reactions (mean follow-up 16.4 \u00b1 14.9 weeks, range 4\u201342 weeks).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>CXL is able to reduce pathological corneal neovascularization and might therefore be a novel treatment option to improve graft survival after high-risk PK.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ico.0000000000002406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T23:08:31Z","timestamp":1594163311000},"page":"147-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Corneal Crosslinking to Regress Pathologic Corneal Neovascularization Before High-Risk Keratoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Friederike","family":"Schaub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Hos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany;"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Cursiefen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany;"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200304000-00021","article-title":"Corneal lymphangiogenesis: evidence, mechanisms, and implications for corneal transplant immunology","volume":"22","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cornea."},{"key":"R2-20250728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530500509358","article-title":"Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis-implications for corneal immunity","volume":"21","author":"Dana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol."},{"key":"R3-20250728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530902801320","article-title":"Corneal lymphangiogenesis: implications in immunity","volume":"24","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol."},{"key":"R4-20250728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1380","article-title":"Inhibition of hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis after normal-risk corneal transplantation by neutralizing VEGF promotes graft survival","volume":"45","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"R5-20250728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.01.001","article-title":"Novel anti(lymph)angiogenic treatment strategies for corneal and ocular surface diseases","volume":"34","author":"Bock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"R6-20250728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24037-3","article-title":"Fine needle-diathermy regresses pathological corneal (lymph)angiogenesis and promotes high-risk corneal transplant survival","volume":"8","author":"Le","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"R7-20250728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5862","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22904","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy leads to time-dependent regression of pathologic corneal (lymph) angiogenesis and promotes high-risk corneal allograft survival","volume":"58","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"R8-20250728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14874","article-title":"UV light crosslinking regresses mature corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and promotes subsequent high-risk corneal transplant survival","volume":"18","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transpl."},{"key":"R9-20250728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e452","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000000894","article-title":"Risk of corneal graft rejection after high-risk keratoplasty following fine-needle vessel coagulation of corneal neovascularization combined with bevacizumab: a pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Hos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transpl Direct."},{"key":"R10-20250728","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2013.01.002","article-title":"Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A. 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