{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:30:00Z","timestamp":1784716200192,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients who have previously undergone keratopigmentation, with particular attention to the potential adverse effects associated with different types of tattoo inks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Various colored and black tattoo inks were tested under MRI conditions. In vitro analysis was conducted to assess ink mobility. Ex vivo porcine and rabbit eyes were used to evaluate macroscopic changes, MRI artifact formation, and histological modifications after exposure to the magnetic field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No adverse effects or visible artifacts were observed with iron oxide\u2013free inks during MRI. In contrast, inks containing iron oxide produced artifacts that significantly inhibited\n                      <jats:bold>eye<\/jats:bold>\n                      analysis without affecting posterior structures. Under normal MRI conditions, histological examination revealed subtle pigment migration with iron oxide\u2013based inks; a finding not observed with other ink types. Under supranormal exposure, pigment migration was pronounced, readily visible both macroscopically and histologically.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI appears safe in patients with keratopigmentation using iron oxide\u2013free inks, which are the most commonly used. In contrast, iron oxide\u2013containing inks can induce MRI artifacts that inhibit ocular assessment without affecting brain visualization. Under the influence of the magnetic field, their pigments may also migrate, potentially causing ocular pain, central corneal involvement, or weakening of corneal biomechanical integrity. For corneal tattooing, we recommend using carbon-based inks for black pigmentation and one of the iron oxide\u2013free inks for colored keratopigmentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ico.0000000000004114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T17:00:35Z","timestamp":1770397235000},"page":"1041-1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Keratopigmentation: A Systematic Review and Ex Vivo Study of Complications and Adverse Events"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2795-1484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Gaulier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France;"},{"name":"Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, PANTHER UMR 1234, Rouen, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, UMR 1096, Rouen, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Lefevre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rouen University Hospital, Tissue Bank, Rouen, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thara","family":"Jaworski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, PANTHER UMR 1234, Rouen, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basile","family":"Pradier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Gueudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Arnoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, PBS, UMR 6270, Rouen, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Gerardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, PANTHER UMR 1234, Rouen, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Muraine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, PANTHER UMR 1234, Rouen, France;"},{"name":"Rouen University Hospital, Tissue Bank, Rouen, France;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00458-2","article-title":"Cosmetic change of the apparent color of the eye: a review on surgical alternatives, outcomes and complications","volume":"11","author":"D'Oria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther."},{"key":"R2-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0750-2","article-title":"Keratopigmentation: a comprehensive review","volume":"34","author":"Hasani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)."},{"key":"R3-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_3027_24","article-title":"Keratopigmentation in the modern era: a review of current techniques, results, and safety","volume":"73","author":"Balparda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"R4-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318243f6b1","article-title":"Femtosecond-assisted keratopigmentation double tunnel technique in the management of a case of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Alio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R5-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701861","article-title":"Therapeutic corneal tattoo following peripheral iridotomy complication","volume":"20","author":"Islam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"R6-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199409000-00004","article-title":"Corneal tattooing to reduce glare in cases of traumatic iris loss","volume":"13","author":"Reed","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R7-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002117","article-title":"Poor long-term outcomes of keratopigmentation with black ink for the treatment of dysphotopsia secondary to laser peripheral iridotomies","volume":"38","author":"Jabbour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R8-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01131-0","article-title":"Therapeutic keratopigmentation: cosmetic and functional outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Hashemian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther."},{"key":"R9-20260702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-02911-7","article-title":"The safety and effectiveness of a novel annular keratopigmentation technique; 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