{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:24:14Z","timestamp":1792801454218,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/ico.0b013e31818c2c55","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T08:04:26Z","timestamp":1242893066000},"page":"426-433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Hydrogen Peroxide Causes Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Corneal Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shari R","family":"Atilano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Chwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae W","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Udar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinar","family":"Coskun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J V","family":"Jester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Cristina","family":"Kenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00412-5","article-title":"The evolution of free radicals and oxidative stress.","volume":"108","author":"McCord","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R2-11-20210227","first-page":"304","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in health and disease.","volume":"13","author":"Datta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"R3-11-20210227","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evidence of neuronal oxidative damage in Alzheimers disease.","volume":"149","author":"Good","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R4-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00988-X","article-title":"Mitochondria and programmed cell death: back to the future.","volume":"396","author":"Petit","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"R5-11-20210227","first-page":"59","article-title":"Oxidative stress, mitochondria, and apoptosis.","volume":"12","author":"Richter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"R6-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(91)90110-2","article-title":"Lebers hereditary optic neuropathy and Kearns-Sayre syndrome: mitochondrial DNA mutations.","volume":"35","author":"Phillips","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00763096","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA mutations in diseases of energy metabolism.","volume":"26","author":"Wallace","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bioenerg Biomembr"},{"key":"R8-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.10.1634041","article-title":"Lebers hereditary optic neuropathy: a model for mitochondrial neurodegenerative diseases.","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"1992","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"R9-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(01)00153-X","article-title":"Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions in the malignant prostate of patients of different ages.","volume":"37","author":"Jessie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"R10-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200629","article-title":"Is mitochondrial DNA depletion involved in Alzheimers disease?","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez-Santiago","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R11-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10726","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403649101","article-title":"Alzheimers brains harbor somatic mtDNA control-region mutations that suppress mitochondrial transcription and replication.","volume":"101","author":"Coskun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R12-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.9.960","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide- and peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial DNA damage and dysfunction in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells.","volume":"86","author":"Ballinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"R13-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1998.0661","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide causes significant mitochondrial DNA damage in human RPE cells.","volume":"68","author":"Ballinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R14-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0841","article-title":"Oxidative damage to human lens epithelial cells in culture: estrogen protection of mitochondrial potential, ATP, and cell viability.","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R15-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00023-X","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial DNA damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: a possible mechanism for RPE aging and age-related macular degeneration.","volume":"76","author":"Liang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R16-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0549","article-title":"Increased levels of catalase and cathepsin V\/L2 but decreased TIMP-1 in keratoconus corneas: evidence that oxidative stress plays a role in this disorder.","volume":"46","author":"Kenney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R17-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00047-5","article-title":"Preferential mitochondrial DNA injury caused by glucose oxidase as a steady generator of hydrogen peroxide in human fibroblasts.","volume":"385","author":"Salazar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"R18-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00763099","article-title":"Molecular basis of mitochondrial DNA disease.","volume":"26","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bioenerg Biomembr"},{"key":"R19-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509073331007","article-title":"Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Mitochondrial DNA and disease.","volume":"333","author":"Johns","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R20-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520070303","article-title":"Mitochondrial biology, degenerative diseases and aging.","volume":"7","author":"Wallace","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"R21-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00295-4","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA variation in human evolution and disease.","volume":"238","author":"Wallace","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"R22-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.1023","article-title":"Mitochondrial defects in neurodegenerative disease.","volume":"7","author":"Wallace","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"R23-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1309","article-title":"Mitochondria and apoptosis.","volume":"281","author":"Green","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R24-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199707000-00007","article-title":"Indications for penetrating keratoplasty in Canada, 1986-1995.","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R25-11-20210227","first-page":"297","article-title":"Keratoconus.","volume":"42","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"SurvOphthalmol"},{"key":"R26-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080220071023","article-title":"Changing trends in the indications for penetrating keratoplasty.","volume":"110","author":"Mamalis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R27-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0828","article-title":"Increased stress-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in human keratoconus fibroblasts.","volume":"47","author":"Chwa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R28-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540205000306","article-title":"Evidence of oxidative stress in human corneal diseases.","volume":"50","author":"Buddi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"R29-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1395","article-title":"Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage in keratoconus corneas.","volume":"46","author":"Atilano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R30-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00278.x","article-title":"In vivo corneal confocal microscopy in keratoconus.","volume":"25","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R31-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000153556.59407.69","article-title":"Altered expression of CLC, DSG3, EMP3, S100A2, and SLPI in corneal epithelium from keratoconus patients.","volume":"24","author":"Nielsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R32-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0671","article-title":"Identification of differentially expressed genes in keratoconus epithelium analyzed on microarrays.","volume":"44","author":"Nielsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R33-11-20210227","first-page":"1615","article-title":"Molecular changes in selected epithelial proteins in human keratoconus corneas compared to normal corneas.","volume":"12","author":"Srivastava","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"R34-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64015-1","article-title":"Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-10 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in human diabetic corneas: a possible mechanism of basement membrane and integrin alterations.","volume":"158","author":"Saghizadeh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R36-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.5.974","article-title":"Multi-organ characterization of mitochondrial genomic rearrangements in ad libitum and caloric restricted mice show striking somatic mitochondrial DNA rearrangements with age.","volume":"25","author":"Melov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R37-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4122","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.20.4122","article-title":"Marked increase in the number and variety of mitochondrial DNA rearrangements in aging human skeletal muscle.","volume":"23","author":"Melov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R38-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.2.514","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA damage is more extensive and persists longer than nuclear DNA damage in human cells following oxidative stress.","volume":"94","author":"Yakes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R39-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760600953859","article-title":"Clinical oxidation parameters of aging.","volume":"40","author":"Voss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"R40-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.4.458","article-title":"Oxidative DNA damage in the human trabecular meshwork: clinical correlation in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.","volume":"123","author":"Sacca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R41-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1043","article-title":"Cytoprotective effects of rebamipide and carteolol hydrochloride against ultraviolet B-induced corneal damage in mice.","volume":"44","author":"Tanito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R42-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00572-3","article-title":"Protection against ultraviolet B-induced oxidative DNA damage in rabbit corneal-derived cells (SIRC) by 4-coumaric acid.","volume":"184","author":"Lodovici","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"R43-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0517","article-title":"Light-induced oxidative stress in choroidal endothelial cells in mice.","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R44-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.27.2.103.15951","article-title":"Accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and its relationship with antioxidant parameters in patients with Eales disease: implications for antioxidant therapy.","volume":"27","author":"Rajesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R45-11-20210227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1969","article-title":"Hypersensitive response to oxidative stress in keratoconus corneal fibroblasts.","volume":"49","author":"Chwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Cornea"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003226-200905000-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:53:09Z","timestamp":1786038789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003226-200905000-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ico.0b013e31818c2c55","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-3740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-3740","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}}}