{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:12:10Z","timestamp":1790881930113,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/ico.0b013e3181c2965f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,11]],"date-time":"2010-05-11T02:40:44Z","timestamp":1273545644000},"page":"632-637","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Effects of Aging on Anterior and Posterior Corneal Astigmatism"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jau-Der","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiow-Wen","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray Jui-Fang","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Yao","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197112000-00002","article-title":"Astigmatism-its components and their changes with age.","volume":"48","author":"Anstice","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom"},{"key":"R2-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.11.039","article-title":"Five-year refractive changes in an adult population: Reykjavik eye study.","volume":"112","author":"Gudmundsdottir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R3-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199509000-00014","article-title":"Topographic analysis of the changes in corneal shape due to ageing.","volume":"14","author":"Hayashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R4-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200104000-00007","article-title":"Gender and age-related differences in corneal topography.","volume":"20","author":"Goto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R5-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078006642.x","article-title":"With the rule astigmatism is not the rule in the elderly. Reykjavik eye study: a population based study of refraction and visual acuity in citizens of Reykjavik 50 years and older. Iceland-Japan Co-Working Study Groups.","volume":"78","author":"Gudmundsdottir","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"R6-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-004-0152-1","article-title":"Relationship between astigmatism and aging in middle-aged and elderly Japanese.","volume":"49","author":"Asano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2000.00469.x","article-title":"The ageing effect on the central posterior corneal radius.","volume":"20","author":"Lam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R8-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.103408","article-title":"Recent advances in ophthalmic anterior segment imaging: a new era for ophthalmic diagnosis?","volume":"91","author":"Konstantopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.03.058","article-title":"Central corneal thickness measurement with the Pentacam Scheimpflug system, optical low-coherence reflectometry pachymeter, and ultrasound pachymetry.","volume":"31","author":"Barkana","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R10-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.08.048","article-title":"Comparison of three methods of measuring corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth.","volume":"141","author":"Buehl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.09.021","article-title":"The shape of the anterior and posterior surface of the aging human cornea.","volume":"46","author":"Dubbelman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"R12-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2778","article-title":"Astigmatic change induced by 2.8-mm corneal incisions for cataract surgery.","volume":"50","author":"Tejedor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R13-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00519-9","article-title":"Orbscan pachymetry: implications of a repeated measures and diurnal variation analysis.","volume":"106","author":"Lattimore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R14-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.12.1068","article-title":"Diurnal variations in human corneal thickness.","volume":"80","author":"Harper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200107000-00008","article-title":"Diurnal variation of corneal and corneal epithelial thickness measured using optical coherence tomography.","volume":"20","author":"Feng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R16-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.09.013","article-title":"Anterior segment biometry with the Pentacam: comprehensive assessment of repeatability of automated measurements.","volume":"34","author":"Shankar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R17-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200102000-00005","article-title":"Intra-ocular lens calculation after corneal refractive surgery.","volume":"12","author":"Speicher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199706000-00019","article-title":"Power vectors: an application of Fourier analysis to the description and statistical analysis of refractive error.","volume":"74","author":"Thibos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R19-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(00)00797-5","article-title":"Power vector analysis of the optical outcome of refractive surgery.","volume":"27","author":"Thibos","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R20-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2007.00487.x","article-title":"Calculating the power of toric phakic intraocular lenses.","volume":"27","author":"Langenbucher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R21-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2000.tb01127.x","article-title":"Step-along vergence procedures in stigmatic and astigmatic systems.","volume":"20","author":"Harris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R22-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)81018-8","article-title":"Conversion of keratometer readings to polar values.","volume":"16","author":"Naeser","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R23-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199109000-00006","article-title":"Posterior corneal surface toricity and total corneal astigmatism.","volume":"68","author":"Dunne","year":"1991","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R24-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)01258-5","article-title":"Vector summation of anterior and posterior corneal topographical astigmatism.","volume":"28","author":"Prisant","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R25-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1167\/8.4.29","article-title":"Age-related changes in optical and biometric characteristics of emmetropic eyes.","volume":"8","author":"Atchison","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"R26-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197803000-00012","article-title":"Etiology of astigmatism.","volume":"55","author":"Grosvenor","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R27-8-20210204","first-page":"1367","article-title":"The relation between eyelid tension, corneal toricity and age.","volume":"24","author":"Vihlen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R28-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198208000-00008","article-title":"The effect of lifting the lids on corneal astigmatism.","volume":"59","author":"Wilson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"R29-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.12.1610","article-title":"Effect of upper eyelid surgery on corneal topography.","volume":"125","author":"Zinkernagel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R30-8-20210204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90082-3","article-title":"Photokeratometric and photorefractive measurements of astigmatism in infants and young children.","volume":"25","author":"Howland","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vision Res"}],"container-title":["Cornea"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181c2965f","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:23:24Z","timestamp":1786040604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00003226-201006000-00008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ico.0b013e3181c2965f","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-3740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-3740","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}}}