{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T16:38:18Z","timestamp":1774370298637,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["international-journal-of-gynecological-cancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Gynecological Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/igc.0000000000000075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]],"date-time":"2014-01-23T04:35:10Z","timestamp":1390451710000},"page":"384-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Aus Tariq","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0005","first-page":"71","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2008","volume":"58","author":"Jemal","year":"2008","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0010","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Endometrial cancer","volume":"80","author":"Buchanan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2529","article-title":"Trends in endometrial cancer incidence rates in the United States, 1999\u20132006","volume":"20","author":"Duong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02539.x","article-title":"The pubertal timing controversy in the USA, and a review of possible causative factors for the advance in timing of onset of puberty","volume":"65","author":"Slyper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm333","article-title":"Diabetes and endometrial cancer: an evaluation of the modifying effects of other known risk factors","volume":"167","author":"Saltzman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.216.297","article-title":"Smoking, earlier menarche and low parity as independent risk factors for gynecologic cancers in Japanese: a case-control study","volume":"216","author":"Fujita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2009.01.007","article-title":"Risk factors for endometrial cancer in Turkish women: results from a hospital-based case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Reis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0040","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Reproductive, menstrual, and medical risk factors for endometrial cancer: results from a case-control study. AmJ","volume":"167","author":"Brinton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk010","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in endometrial cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study","volume":"165","author":"Setiawan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0050","first-page":"949","article-title":"Menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to risk of endometrial cancer in Chinese women","volume":"17","author":"Wernli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0b013e328329d830","article-title":"Hormone-related factors and gynecological conditions in relation to endometrial cancer risk","volume":"18","author":"Zucchetto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000164812.02181.d5","article-title":"Causes of infertility as predictors of subsequent cancer risk","volume":"16","author":"Brinton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0065","first-page":"324","article-title":"Prognostic factors in women 45 years of age or younger with endometrial cancer. IntJ Gynecol","volume":"18","author":"Uharcek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.8.606","volume":"94","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0111","article-title":"Endometrial carcinoma risks among menopausal estrogen plus progestin and unopposed estrogen users in a cohort of postmenopausal women","volume":"14","author":"Lacey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.13.1131","article-title":"Risk of endometrial cancer following estrogen replacement with and without progestins","volume":"91","author":"Weiderpass","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doherty JA, Cushing-Haugen KL, Saltzman BS, et al. Long-term use of postmenopausal estrogen and progestin hormone therapies and the risk of endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197:139.e1\u2013139.e7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.01.019"},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0712","article-title":"Long-term postmenopausal hormone therapy and endometrial cancer","volume":"19","author":"Razavi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0095","first-page":"277","article-title":"Use of oral contraceptives and endometrial cancer risk (Sweden)","volume":"4","author":"Weiderpass","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)70486-8","article-title":"Risk factors among young women with endometrial cancer: a Danish case-control study","volume":"182","author":"Parslov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0105","first-page":"227","article-title":"Recency, duration, and progestin content of oral contraceptives in relation to the incidence of endometrial cancer (Washington, USA)","volume":"5","author":"Voigt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0110","first-page":"1441","article-title":"Timing of births and endometrial cancer risk in Swedish women","volume":"20","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603731","article-title":"Reproductive risk factors for endometrial cancer among Polish women","volume":"96","author":"Brinton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25050","article-title":"Reproductive risk factors and endometrial cancer: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition","volume":"127","author":"Dossus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1159\/000227587","article-title":"A case-control study of endometrial cancer in relation to reproductive, somatometric, and life-style variables","volume":"53","author":"Kalandidi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oncology."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(80)90003-1","article-title":"Oestrogens and endometrial cancer: effect of other risk factors on the association","volume":"2","author":"Weiss","year":"1980","journal-title":"Maturitas."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008707","article-title":"Reproductive factors and risk of endometrial cancer. The Iowa Women\u2019s Health Study","volume":"143","author":"McPherson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11598","article-title":"Menstrual and reproductive factors and endometrial cancer risk: results from a population-based case-control study in urban Shanghai","volume":"108","author":"Xu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq307","article-title":"Malignancies among women who gave birth after in vitro fertilization","volume":"26","author":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2012.671391","article-title":"Are infertility treatments a potential risk factor for cancer development? Perspective of 30 years of follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Lerner-Geva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des031","article-title":"Cancer morbidity in a cohort of 9175 Finnish women treated for infertility","volume":"27","author":"Yli-Kuha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0160","first-page":"1400","article-title":"Risk of breast cancer and gynecologic cancers in a large population of nearly 50,000 infertile Danish women","volume":"16","author":"Jensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms051","article-title":"Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF: impact on ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Siristatidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.12.029","article-title":"In vitro fertilization and risk of breast and gynecologic cancers: a retrospective cohort study within the Israeli Maccabi Healthcare Services","volume":"99","author":"Brinton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2004-0021","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of menstruation","volume":"27","author":"Jabbour","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecological Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1048891X24057359?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1048891X24057359?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T01:13:51Z","timestamp":1753233231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1048891X24057359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1048891X24057359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/igc.0000000000000075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1048-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1048-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000075","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 by IGCS and ESGO","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}