{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T11:13:49Z","timestamp":1772277229298,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/iio.0b013e3181924f62","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,31]],"date-time":"2008-12-31T08:12:34Z","timestamp":1230711154000},"page":"21-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Pterygium"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Amit","family":"Todani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir A.","family":"Melki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701728","article-title":"Outcome of pterygium surgery: analysis over 14 years","volume":"19","author":"Fernandes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"R2-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.12.028","article-title":"Conjunctival autografting combined with low-dose mitomycin C for prevention of primary pterygium recurrence","volume":"141","author":"Frucht-Pery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100160405001","article-title":"Effect of pterygium morphology on pterygium recurrence in a controlled trial comparing conjunctival autografting with bare sclera excision","volume":"115","author":"Tan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-5-20210126","first-page":"59","article-title":"Comparison of single-drop mitomycin C regime with other mitomycin C regimes in pterygium surgery","volume":"51","author":"Gupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090070065021","article-title":"Severe corneoscleral infection. A complication of beta irradiation scleral necrosis following pterygium excision","volume":"111","author":"Moriarty","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.12.766","article-title":"Severe intraocular infection: complications of beta irradiation induced scleral necrosis following pterygium removal","volume":"76","author":"Moriarty","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31749-X","article-title":"Serious complications of topical mitomycin-C after pterygium surgery","volume":"99","author":"Rubinfeld","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R9-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199903910-00004","article-title":"Current options in pterygium management","volume":"39","author":"Hoffman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"R10-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.091413","article-title":"Pterygium","volume":"90","author":"Solomon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-5-20210126","first-page":"1436","article-title":"Pterygium and genetic polymorphism of DNA double strand break repair gene Ku70","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"R12-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-1281(96)80038-9","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the pterygium","volume":"98","author":"Kria","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"R13-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200307000-00015","article-title":"Decreased pigment epithelium-derived factor and increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels in pterygia","volume":"22","author":"Jin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R14-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1130","article-title":"UVB-mediated induction of cytokines and growth factors in pterygium epithelial cells involves cell surface receptors and intracellular signaling","volume":"47","author":"Di Girolamo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R15-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2003.10.026","article-title":"Loss of heterozygosity and p53 expression in pterygium","volume":"206","author":"Reisman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"R16-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.12.1593","article-title":"p53 expression and relation to human papillomavirus infection in pingueculae, pterygia, and limbal tumors","volume":"117","author":"Dushku","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219800800307","article-title":"Expression of p53 protein in pterygium","volume":"8","author":"Onur","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1159\/000095863","article-title":"Flow cytometrical analysis of adhesion molecules, T-lymphocyte subpopulations and inflammatory markers in pterygium","volume":"220","author":"Tekelioglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R19-5-20210126","first-page":"635","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase 2 expression in pterygium","volume":"13","author":"Chiang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"R20-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210701700602","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in primary and recurrent pterygium","volume":"17","author":"Adiguzel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62992-6","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling is partially responsible for the increased matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in ocular epithelial cells after UVB radiation","volume":"167","author":"Di Girolamo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R22-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0356","article-title":"UVB-elicited induction of MMP-1 expression in human ocular surface epithelial cells is mediated through the ERK1\/2 MAPK-dependent pathway","volume":"44","author":"Di Girolamo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R23-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492006000200005","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in pterygium","volume":"69","author":"Schellini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R24-5-20210126","first-page":"S215","article-title":"Role of post-operative topical corticosteroids in recurrence rate after pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft","volume":"86","author":"Yaisawang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"R25-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00327-4","article-title":"Topical indomethacin solution versus dexamethasone solution for treatment of inflamed pterygium and pinguecula: a prospective randomized clinical study","volume":"127","author":"Frucht-Pery","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199701000-00009","article-title":"Treatment of inflamed pterygium and pinguecula with topical indomethacin 0.1% solution","volume":"16","author":"Frucht-Pery","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R27-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-4182(05)80031-6","article-title":"Treatment of early pterygium recurrence with topical administration of interferon alpha-2b","volume":"40","author":"Esquenazi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R28-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.01.047","article-title":"Bevacizumab (Avastin) as a potential novel adjunct in the management of pterygia","volume":"69","author":"Hosseini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"R29-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200405000-00004","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of pterygium with verteporfin: a preliminary report","volume":"23","author":"Fossarello","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R30-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-199908000-00011","article-title":"The pathogenesis of pterygia","volume":"10","author":"Coroneo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R31-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(02)00463-0","article-title":"The treatment of pterygium","volume":"48","author":"Hirst","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R32-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3281a7ecbb","article-title":"Current concepts and techniques in pterygium treatment","volume":"18","author":"Ang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R33-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318033b3d4","article-title":"Comparison of conjunctival autograft with amniotic membrane transplantation for pterygium surgery: surgical and cosmetic outcome","volume":"26","author":"Kucukerdonmez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R34-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-007-9034-0","article-title":"Comparison of limbal-conjunctival autograft and intraoperative 0.02% mitomycin-C for treatment of primary pterygium","volume":"27","author":"Akinci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R35-5-20210126","first-page":"200","article-title":"Treatment of pterygium with conjunctival limbal autograft and mitomycin C: a comparative study","volume":"105","author":"Biswas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"R36-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.036830","article-title":"A randomised trial comparing 0.02% mitomycin C and limbal conjunctival autograft after excision of primary pterygium","volume":"88","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R37-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.095018","article-title":"Randomised controlled study of conjunctival autograft versus amniotic membrane graft in pterygium excision","volume":"90","author":"Luanratanakorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R38-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000116522.57227.97","article-title":"The results of amniotic membrane transplantation for primary pterygium compared with conjunctival autograft","volume":"23","author":"Tananuvat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R39-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01160-0","article-title":"Limbal versus conjunctival autograft transplantation for advanced and recurrent pterygium","volume":"109","author":"Al Fayez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R40-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90006-4","article-title":"Conjunctival rotation autograft for pterygium. An alternative to conjunctival autografting","volume":"106","author":"Jap","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R41-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30224-3","article-title":"Intraoperative mitomycin in primary pterygium excision. A prospective, randomized trial","volume":"104","author":"Manning","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R42-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30770-1","article-title":"Single intraoperative application versus postoperative mitomycin C eye drops in pterygium surgery","volume":"102","author":"Cardillo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R43-5-20210126","first-page":"197","article-title":"Corneal melting after pterygium removal followed by topical mitomycin C therapy","volume":"27","author":"Ewing-Chow","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R44-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.3.357","article-title":"Serious corneoscleral complications after pterygium excision with mitomycin C","volume":"86","author":"Safianik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R45-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3928\/1542-8877-20000701-08","article-title":"Low-dose intraoperative mitomycin-C versus conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium surgery: long term follow-up","volume":"31","author":"Sharma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers"},{"key":"R46-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200108000-00006","article-title":"Amniotic membrane surgery","volume":"12","author":"Sippel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R47-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30197-3","article-title":"Comparison of conjunctival autografts, amniotic membrane grafts, and primary closure for pterygium excision","volume":"104","author":"Prabhasawat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R48-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830600972724","article-title":"Comparison of three methods for the treatment of pterygium: amniotic membrane graft, conjunctival autograft and conjunctival autograft plus mitomycin C","volume":"26","author":"Katircioglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"R49-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00465.x","article-title":"The cut-and-paste method for primary pterygium surgery: long-term follow-up","volume":"83","author":"Koranyi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"R50-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.032854","article-title":"Cut and paste: a no suture, small incision approach to pterygium surgery","volume":"88","author":"Koranyi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R51-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000164780.25914.0a","article-title":"Pterygium surgery: conjunctival autograft using a fibrin adhesive","volume":"25","author":"Marticorena","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R52-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.08.028","article-title":"Comparison of fibrin glue and sutures for attaching conjunctival autografts after pterygium excision","volume":"112","author":"Uy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R53-5-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680701294723","article-title":"Fibrin glue versus vicryl sutures for primary conjunctival closure in pterygium surgery: long-term results","volume":"32","author":"Bahar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/IIO.0b013e3181924f62","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T03:46:12Z","timestamp":1632887172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00004397-200904910-00005"}},"subtitle":["Current Concepts in Pathogenesis and Treatment"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iio.0b013e3181924f62","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-8167","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}