{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:14:49Z","timestamp":1786119289457,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/iio.0b013e31819fd01a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T08:22:05Z","timestamp":1242894125000},"page":"153-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Diabetic Traction Retinal Detachment"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Dean","family":"Eliott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Hemeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-15-20210126","first-page":"813","article-title":"Vitrectomy: a pars plana approach","volume":"75","author":"Machemer","year":"1971","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R2-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71238-3","article-title":"Reminiscences after 25 years of pars plana vitrectomy","volume":"119","author":"Machemer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00183425","article-title":"The development of pars plana vitrectomy: a personal account","volume":"233","author":"Machemer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-15-20210126","first-page":"297","article-title":"Vitreous Surgery and Advances in Fundus Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Aaberg","year":"1977"},{"key":"R5-15-20210126","first-page":"1427","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy in the management of blood-induced glaucoma with vitreous hemorrhage","volume":"10","author":"Brucker","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(76)90299-3","article-title":"Ghost cells as a cause of glaucoma","volume":"81","author":"Campbell","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(77)90193-3","article-title":"Glaucoma occurring after closed vitrectomy","volume":"83","author":"Campbell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00414365","article-title":"Elevation of intraocular pressure after pars plana vitrectomy","volume":"200","author":"Weinberg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-15-20210126","first-page":"114","article-title":"Glaucoma after pars plana vitrectomy","volume":"83","author":"Wilensky","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R10-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)34002-2","article-title":"Two-year course of visual acuity in severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy with conventional management, Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study report 1","volume":"92","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R11-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050110038020","article-title":"Early vitrectomy for severe vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy: two-year results of a randomized trial, Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study report 2","volume":"103","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)34014-9","article-title":"Diabetic dense premacular hemorrhage: a possible indication for prompt vitrectomy","volume":"92","author":"O'Hanley","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R13-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33742-4","article-title":"Timing of vitrectomy for active proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"93","author":"Ramsay","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R14-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33528-6","article-title":"Changing indications and techniques for vitrectomy in management of complications of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"94","author":"Aaberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R15-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70437-4","article-title":"Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema associated with a thickened and taut posterior hyaloids membrane","volume":"121","author":"Harbour","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31901-3","article-title":"Vitrectomy for diabetic macular traction and edema associated with posterior hyaloidal traction","volume":"99","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R17-15-20210126","first-page":"2413","article-title":"Retina. 4th ed","author":"Eliott","year":"2006"},{"key":"R18-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77719-0","article-title":"Ocular neovascularization. The Krill memorial lecture","volume":"85","author":"Henkind","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412013312203","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluids of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders","volume":"331","author":"Aiello","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R20-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72066-5","article-title":"Basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor are present in epiretinal and choroidal neovascular membranes","volume":"122","author":"Frank","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100160206011","article-title":"An aldose reductase inhibitor and aminoguanidine prevent vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rats with long-term galactosemia","volume":"115","author":"Frank","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116877","article-title":"Vitreous levels of insulin-like growth factors I and II, and the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 2 and 3, increase in neovascular eye disease: studies in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects","volume":"92","author":"Meyer-Schwickerath","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R23-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070080113046","article-title":"Basic fibroblast growth factor levels in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"108","author":"Sivalingam","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R24-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75794-0","article-title":"Increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"18","author":"Adamis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R25-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100160331011","article-title":"Elevated y-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"115","author":"Ambati","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.35.4.416","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factors in vitreous: studies in control and diabetic subjects with neovascularization","volume":"35","author":"Grant","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R27-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.9.714","article-title":"Retinal and preretinal localisation of epidermal growth factor. Transforming growth factor alpha, and their receptors in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"78","author":"Patel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R28-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(05)80003-X","article-title":"Isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors in epiretinal membranes: immunolocalization to retinal pigmented epithelial cells","volume":"60","author":"Vinores","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R29-15-20210126","first-page":"36","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor is present in glial cells of the retina and optic nerve of human subjects with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"38","author":"Amin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R30-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090230090028","article-title":"Detection of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA and vascular endothelial growth factor-like activity in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"112","author":"Malecaze","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R31-15-20210126","first-page":"574","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor\/vascular permeability factor is temporally and spatially correlated with ocular angiogenesis in a primate model","volume":"145","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R32-15-20210126","first-page":"638","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by retinal cells is a common factor in neovascularization","volume":"72","author":"Pe'er","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"R33-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.3.905","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor\/vascular permeability factor expression in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization","volume":"92","author":"Pierce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R34-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/359843a0","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis","volume":"359","author":"Schweiki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R35-15-20210126","first-page":"819","article-title":"The relation between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic rat retinas","volume":"74","author":"Murata","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"R36-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970040743003","article-title":"Vitreous contraction in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"74","author":"Davis","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R37-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02148888","article-title":"Microproliferations in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and their relationship to the vitreous: corresponding light and microscopic studies","volume":"223","author":"Faulborn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R39-15-20210126","article-title":"Vail Vitrectomy Meeting","author":"Eliott","year":"2004"},{"key":"R40-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(79)90473-2","article-title":"Clinical results in vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment","volume":"88","author":"Aaberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R41-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(81)34973-2","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment","volume":"88","author":"Aaberg","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R42-15-20210126","first-page":"542","article-title":"Vitrectomy for retinal detachment","volume":"100","author":"Charles","year":"1980","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK"},{"key":"R43-15-20210126","first-page":"515","article-title":"Retina. 2nd ed","author":"Gardner","year":"1994"},{"key":"R44-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(80)35116-6","article-title":"Diabetic traction retinal detachment","volume":"87","author":"Hutton","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R45-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910050105001","article-title":"Vitrectomy for complications of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"96","author":"Michels","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R46-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020030653001","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy: treatment for tractional macula detachment secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"98","author":"Miller","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R47-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1987.01060120077029","article-title":"Vitrectomy for progressive macular traction associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"105","author":"Packer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R48-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910050009002","article-title":"Four hundred consecutive pars plana vitrectomies with the vitreophage","volume":"96","author":"Peyman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R49-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)34386-4","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy for complicated retinal detachments","volume":"90","author":"Ratner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R50-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(83)90330-6","article-title":"Vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment involving the macula","volume":"95","author":"Rice","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R51-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1987.01060040067035","article-title":"Results and prognostic factors in vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment of the macula","volume":"105","author":"Thompson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R52-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(80)35115-4","article-title":"Closed vitrectomy in the management of diabetic traction retinal detachment","volume":"87","author":"Tolentino","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R53-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(82)34654-0","article-title":"Preoperative prognostic factors in diabetic pars plana vitrectomy","volume":"89","author":"Blankenship","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R54-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(92)90137-I","article-title":"Vitrectomy in the management of diabetic eye disease","volume":"37","author":"Ho","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R55-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33541-3","article-title":"Results of vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"93","author":"Thompson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R56-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32813-2","article-title":"Results of vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachments using the en bloc excision technique","volume":"96","author":"Williams","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R57-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010068003","article-title":"The natural history of diabetic extramacular traction retinal detachment","volume":"99","author":"Charles","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R58-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020020010002","article-title":"Diabetic traction detachment","volume":"97","author":"Cohen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R59-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930020425002","article-title":"Visual outcome in moderate and severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"99","author":"Spencer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R60-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(76)90117-3","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy for the management of severe diabetic retinopathy","volume":"81","author":"Blankenship","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R61-15-20210126","first-page":"178","article-title":"Clinical applications of vitreoretinal surgery\u2014the ocutome system","volume":"16","author":"Charles","year":"1980","journal-title":"Highlights Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R62-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020020338010","article-title":"Retinal wrinkling and macular heterotopia in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"97","author":"Bresnick","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R63-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75912-4","article-title":"Visual function abnormalities in macular heterotopia caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"92","author":"Bresnick","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R64-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090230069022","article-title":"Macular heterotopia in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"112","author":"Michael","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R65-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01179-X","article-title":"A new 25-gauge instrument system for transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy surgery","volume":"109","author":"Fujii","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R66-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01119-3","article-title":"Initial experience using the transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system for vitreoretinal surgery","volume":"109","author":"Fujii","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R67-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200502000-00015","article-title":"Transconjunctival sutureless 23-gauge vitrectomy","volume":"25","author":"Eckardt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R68-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.11.053","article-title":"Outcomes of 140 consecutive cases of 25-gauge transconjunctival surgery for posterior segment disease","volume":"112","author":"Lakhanpal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R69-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000225351.87205.69","article-title":"Use of intravitreal bevacizumab as a preoperative adjunct for tractional retinal detachment repair in severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R70-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0027","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress","volume":"25","author":"Ferrara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R71-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032691","article-title":"Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"350","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R72-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.127142","article-title":"Tractional retinal detachment following intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"92","author":"Arevalo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R73-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.064","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"113","author":"Avery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R75-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199909000-00002","article-title":"TPA-assisted vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: results of a double-masked, multicenter trial","volume":"19","author":"Le Mer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R76-15-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00720-5","article-title":"Autologous plasmin enzyme in the surgical management of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"108","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/IIO.0b013e31819fd01a","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:54:44Z","timestamp":1786038884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004397-200904920-00015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iio.0b013e31819fd01a","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-8167","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}