{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:15:37Z","timestamp":1786119337485,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/iio.0b013e3181a8d41f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T03:26:38Z","timestamp":1246418798000},"page":"147-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Transient Visual Loss"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Thurtell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet C.","family":"Rucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.04.020","article-title":"Transient monocular visual loss","volume":"140","author":"Biousse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.21.1.34","article-title":"Transient monocular visual loss patterns and associated vascular abnormalities","volume":"21","author":"Bruno","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R3-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.71.2.247","article-title":"Clinical features of transient monocular blindness and the likelihood of atherosclerotic lesions of the internal carotid artery","volume":"71","author":"Donders","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R4-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)92453-7","article-title":"The source of retinal emboli","volume":"2","author":"Russell","year":"1968","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R5-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000047689","article-title":"Retinal ischemia and embolism: etiologies and outcomes based on a prospective study","volume":"12","author":"Babikian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"R6-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.08.003","article-title":"Common carotid artery stenosis and amaurosis fugax","volume":"17","author":"Hoya","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"R7-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/153857440103500210","article-title":"Amaurosis fugax and stenosis of the ophthalmic artery: a case report","volume":"35","author":"Braat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vasc Surg"},{"key":"R8-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00136-6","article-title":"Ophthalmologic manifestations of internal carotid artery dissection","volume":"126","author":"Biousse","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.2.113","article-title":"Transient loss of peripheral vision as the presentation of left atrial myxoma","volume":"76","author":"Bolo-Deoku","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.3.347","article-title":"Outcome of patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale","volume":"72","author":"Nedeltchev","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R11-12-20210126","first-page":"359","article-title":"Embolic causes of transient monocular visual loss","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R12-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68650-9","article-title":"Non-invasive imaging compared with intra-arterial angiography in the diagnosis of symptomatic carotid stenosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"367","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R13-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000131269.69502.d9","article-title":"Usefulness of ambulatory 7-day ECG monitoring for the detection of atrial fibrillation and flutter after acute stroke and transient ischemic attack","volume":"35","author":"Jabaudon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R14-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa002994","article-title":"Prognosis after transient monocular blindness associated with carotid-artery stenosis","volume":"345","author":"Benavente","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R15-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.05.035","article-title":"Endarterectomy versus stenting for carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Murad","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"R16-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1159\/000114047","article-title":"Recurrent transient monocular blindness with ophthalmic artery stenosis","volume":"59","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"R17-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.1.117","article-title":"A case of frequently recurring amaurosis fugax with atherothrombotic ophthalmic artery occlusion","volume":"62","author":"Nakajima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R18-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500470045007","article-title":"Unilateral visual loss in bright light: an unusual symptom of carotid artery occlusive disease","volume":"36","author":"Furlan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R19-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00874-6","article-title":"Light-induced amaurosis fugax","volume":"131","author":"Kaiboriboon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30302-9","article-title":"Postprandial transient visual loss: a symptom of critical carotid stenosis","volume":"104","author":"Levin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R22-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30221-8","article-title":"Ocular ischemic syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Mizener","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R23-12-20210126","first-page":"17","article-title":"Ocular ischemic syndrome: review of clinical presentations, etiology, investigation, and management","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Compr Ophthalmol Updat"},{"key":"R24-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2005.09.014","article-title":"Unusual visual symptoms in a patient with bilateral vertebral artery dissection: a case report","volume":"31","author":"Nagurney","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R25-12-20210126","first-page":"183","article-title":"Lone bilateral blindness: a transient ischemic attack","volume":"1","author":"Dennis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R26-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00635.x","article-title":"Isolated bilateral blindness as the sole manifestation of transient ischaemic attacks","volume":"84","author":"Krasnianski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"R27-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20204","article-title":"New England Medical Center posterior circulation registry","volume":"56","author":"Caplan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R28-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041544","article-title":"Vertebrobasilar disease","volume":"352","author":"Savitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R29-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200204000-00002","article-title":"Steal affecting the central nervous system","volume":"50","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R30-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199708000-00019","article-title":"Rotational vertebral artery occlusion: a mechanism of vertebrobasilar insufficiency","volume":"41","author":"Kuether","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R31-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2008.01771.x","article-title":"Giant cell arteritis presenting with bilateral vertebral and axillary artery occlusions","volume":"38","author":"Akdal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"R32-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1995.00540270034016","article-title":"The risk of stroke in patients with first-ever retinal versus hemispheric transient ischemic attacks and high-grade carotid stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial","volume":"52","author":"Streifler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R33-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199811123392002","article-title":"Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis.North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators.","volume":"339","author":"Barnett","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R34-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000144082","article-title":"Stenting of symptomatic basilar and vertebral artery stenosis in patients resistant to optimal medical prevention: the Lyon stroke unit experience","volume":"60","author":"Ralea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"R35-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219700700412","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmic complications of biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis","volume":"7","author":"Glutz Von Blotzheim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R36-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)80192-5","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of giant cell arteritis","volume":"125","author":"Hayreh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R37-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200009000-00001","article-title":"Visual manifestations of giant cell arteritis: trends and clinical spectrum in 161 patients","volume":"79","author":"Gonzalez-Gay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"R38-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199806000-00011","article-title":"Postural vision loss in giant cell arteritis","volume":"18","author":"Diego","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"R39-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00770-7","article-title":"Risk factors for visual loss in giant cell (temporal) arteritis: a prospective study of 174 patients","volume":"111","author":"Liozon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R40-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.020","article-title":"Prevalence of a normal C-reactive protein with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis","volume":"113","author":"Parikh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R41-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70235-0","article-title":"Visual manifestations of temporal arteritis","volume":"27","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rheum Clin North Am"},{"key":"R42-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01314.x","article-title":"Giant cell arteritis: an updated review","volume":"87","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R43-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.2.355","article-title":"A nosographic analysis of the migraine aura in a general population","volume":"119","author":"Russell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"R44-12-20210126","first-page":"1","article-title":"The international classification of headache disorders (second edition)","volume":"24","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"R45-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1975.01010020260002","article-title":"Occipital lobe arteriovenous malformations: clinical and radiologic features in 26 cases with comments on differentiation from migraine","volume":"93","author":"Troost","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R46-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.8.1539","article-title":"Migrainous visual accompaniments are not rare in late life: the Framingham study","volume":"29","author":"Wijman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R47-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1999.3906391.x","article-title":"Late-life (migrainous) scintillating zigzags without headache: one person's 27-year experience","volume":"39","author":"Fisher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"R48-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)92184-5","article-title":"Basilar artery migraine","volume":"1","author":"Bickerstaff","year":"1961","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R49-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01206.x","article-title":"Retinal migraine reappraised","volume":"26","author":"Grosberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"R50-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e3180335222","article-title":"Most cases labeled as \u201cretinal migraine\u201d are not migraine","volume":"27","author":"Hill","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"R51-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1980.hed2005253.x","article-title":"Ocular migraine in a patient with cluster headaches","volume":"20","author":"Kline","year":"1980","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"R52-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199203193261215","article-title":"Transient monocular blindness caused by vasospasm","volume":"326","author":"Burger","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R53-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199308053290604","article-title":"Treatment of vasospastic amaurosis fugax with calcium-channel blockers","volume":"329","author":"Winterkorn","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R54-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7532.25","article-title":"Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of migraine","volume":"332","author":"Goadsby","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R55-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.6.1655","article-title":"Occipital lobe epilepsy: electroclinical manifestations, electrocorticography, cortical stimulation and outcome in 42 patients treated between 1930 and 1991: surgery of occipital lobe epilepsy","volume":"115","author":"Salanova","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R56-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1371","article-title":"Elementary visual hallucinations in migraine and epilepsy","volume":"57","author":"Panayiotopoulos","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R57-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.4.536","article-title":"Elementary visual hallucinations, blindness, and headache in occipital epilepsy: differentiation from migraine","volume":"66","author":"Panayiotopoulos","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R58-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg080","article-title":"Occipital epilepsies: identification of specific and newly recognized syndromes","volume":"126","author":"Taylor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R59-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602223340803","article-title":"A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome","volume":"334","author":"Hinchey","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R60-12-20210126","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: utility of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging in the detection of cortical and subcortical lesions","volume":"21","author":"Casey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"R61-12-20210126","first-page":"CR549","article-title":"Clinical spectrum and critical care management of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)","volume":"11","author":"Striano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"R62-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.4.567","article-title":"Cortical blindness due to osmotic disruption of the blood-brain barrier by angiographic contrast material: CT and MRI studies","volume":"39","author":"Lantos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R63-12-20210126","first-page":"252","article-title":"MR findings of cortical blindness following cerebral angiography: is this entity related to posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy?","volume":"25","author":"Saigal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"R64-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.11.4.250","article-title":"Post-traumatic transient cortical blindness in children: a report of four cases and a review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Gleeson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Accid Emerg Med"},{"key":"R65-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01007796","article-title":"Post-traumatic transient cortical blindness","volume":"17","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int Ophthamol"},{"key":"R66-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/088307388600100305","article-title":"Transient post-traumatic cortical blindness: brief v prolonged syndromes in childhood","volume":"1","author":"Kaye","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"R67-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000130251.59422.B4","article-title":"Elicited repetitive daily blindness: a new familial disorder related to migraine and epilepsy","volume":"63","author":"Le Fort","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R68-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160410","article-title":"Transient visual obscurations with elevated optic discs","volume":"16","author":"Sadun","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R69-12-20210126","first-page":"293","article-title":"Drusen of the optic disc","volume":"14","author":"Lorentzen","year":"1967","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"R70-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000306861","article-title":"Transient monocular blindness in a case of drusen of the optic disc","volume":"166","author":"Meyer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R71-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(02)00357-0","article-title":"Optic disk drusen","volume":"47","author":"Auw-Haedrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R72-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(89)90305-X","article-title":"Bilateral central retinal artery occlusions, disk drusen, and migraine","volume":"107","author":"Newman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R73-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199512000-00047","article-title":"Uhthoff and his symptom","volume":"15","author":"Selhorst","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"R74-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01642-1","article-title":"Gaze-evoked amaurosis: a report of five cases","volume":"110","author":"Otto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R75-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3129\/can j ophthalmol.06-123","article-title":"Gaze-evoked amaurosis secondary to an intraorbital foreign body","volume":"42","author":"Segal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R76-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1998.760125.x","article-title":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting with gaze-evoked amaurosis","volume":"76","author":"O'Duffy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"R77-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199515050-00006","article-title":"Slow photostress recovery and disease severity in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"15","author":"Sandberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R78-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.5.559","article-title":"Transient monocular blindness","volume":"59","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R79-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2007.00866.x","article-title":"Painless transient monocular loss of vision resulting from angle-closure glaucoma","volume":"47","author":"Abe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"R80-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.1.131","article-title":"Transient monocular visual loss due to uveitis-glaucoma-hyphaema (UGH) syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Cates","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R81-12-20210126","first-page":"471","article-title":"Corneal epithelium basement membrane dystrophy: an overlooked cause of painless visual disturbances","volume":"24","author":"Reed","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R82-12-20210126","first-page":"4117","article-title":"Optical and visual impact of tear break-up in human eyes","volume":"41","author":"Tutt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R83-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00919244","article-title":"The source of embolism in amaurosis fugax and retinal artery occlusion","volume":"18","author":"Smit","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R84-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260111","article-title":"Amaurosis fugax and ocular infarction in adolescents and young adults","volume":"26","author":"Tippin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R85-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21299","article-title":"Reflux of jugular and retrobulbar venous flow in transient monocular blindness","volume":"63","author":"Hsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R86-12-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.02.007","article-title":"Transient visual loss in a 60-year-old man","volume":"53","author":"Winterkorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/IIO.0b013e3181a8d41f","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:59:59Z","timestamp":1786039199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004397-200904930-00012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iio.0b013e3181a8d41f","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-8167","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}