{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:01:52Z","timestamp":1755216112114,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Pr\u00e9cis:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for choroidal effusion development following glaucoma surgery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Choroidal effusion is a postoperative complication of glaucoma surgery that results from a transudative fluid collection in the suprachoroidal space. Kidney disease alters bodily fluid dynamics through a variety of mechanisms. The relationship between CKD and choroidal effusion following glaucoma surgery has not previously been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between CKD and choroidal effusion development after glaucoma surgery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study consisted of 86 eyes from 86 patients who received glaucoma filtering surgery or transscleral cyclophotocoagulation within the study timeframe. Forty-three patients had CKD, and 43 patients did not have kidney disease. The main outcome of this study was the development of choroidal effusion measured by the Pearson \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test and multivariate analysis using a binomial regression with a log link.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ten patients (23.3%) in the CKD group developed choroidal effusion, while 2 patients (4.7%) in the no-kidney disease group developed choroidal effusion (relative risk, 5.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.16-21.5; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.013). The association between CKD and choroidal effusion showed mixed results in the multivariate analysis, with some analyses showing a significant association and others showing no significant association.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In both the univariate and multivariate analyses, CKD was found to be significantly associated with choroidal effusion after glaucoma surgery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ijg.0000000000001908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T14:04:15Z","timestamp":1625493855000},"page":"981-987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic Kidney Disease as a Predictor of Postoperative Choroidal Effusions After Glaucoma Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Ford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith R.","family":"Klifto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O\u2019Rese J.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koyal","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Wiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odom Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fleischman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.10.029","article-title":"Reporting complications in glaucoma surgery: a systematic review","volume":"127","author":"Kastner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R2-20250803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000131","article-title":"Choroidal effusions after glaucoma surgery","volume":"26","author":"Schrieber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20250803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2014.959200","article-title":"Causes and treatment of choroidal effusion after glaucoma 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an outcome measure in CKD","volume":"76","author":"Cravedi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R12-20250803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000145180.38707.84","article-title":"Pathophysiology of hypertensive renal damage","volume":"44","author":"Bidani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R13-20250803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh101","article-title":"Glomerular charge selectivity is impaired in hypertensive nephropathy","volume":"19","author":"Christiansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R14-20250803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000045661","article-title":"Vascular hyperpermeability in nephrotic 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