{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T13:33:39Z","timestamp":1754487219147},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596758400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> is a prevalent causative pathogen of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). In this retrospective study, we investigated the microbiological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates obtained from liver cirrhosis patients suffering from nosocomial SBP. Our results showed that extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic> accounted for 47% of the cases, while 62% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. ESBL-producing and MDR isolates showed high incidences of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, but they displayed susceptibility to carbapenems, \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors, and aminoglycosides. Importantly, liver cirrhosis patients with MDR <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic> SBP showed a significantly higher death rate than patients with non-MDR infections (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a0.021). The 30-day mortality of nosocomial SBP was independently correlated with female gender [odds ratio (OR)\u200a=\u200a5.200, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u200a=\u200a1.194\u201322.642], liver failure (OR\u200a=\u200a9.609, 95% CI\u200a=\u200a1.914\u201348.225), hepatocellular carcinoma (OR\u200a=\u200a8.176, 95% CI\u200a=\u200a2.065\u201332.364), hepatic encephalopathy (OR\u200a=\u200a8.176, 95% CI\u200a=\u200a2.065\u201332.364), model of end-stage liver disease score (OR\u200a=\u200a1.191, 95% CI\u200a=\u200a1.053\u20131.346), white blood cell count (OR\u200a=\u200a0.847, 95% CI\u200a=\u200a0.737\u20130.973), and ascites polymorphonuclear (OR\u200a=\u200a95.903, 95% CI\u200a=\u200a3.410\u20132697.356). In conclusion, third-generation cephalosporins may be inappropriate for empiric treatment of nosocomial SBP caused by <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>, due to the widespread presence of ESBLs and high incidence of MDR pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/im9.0000000000000035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T19:34:14Z","timestamp":1600716854000},"page":"167-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microbiological Characteristics and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Patients with Nosocomial Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Escherichia coli: A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Bo Tu, Yuening Zhang, and Jingfeng Bi contributed equally to this work."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuening","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Capital Medical University You\u2019an Hospital, China"},{"name":"Bo Tu, Yuening Zhang, and Jingfeng Bi contributed equally to this work."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingfeng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."},{"name":"Bo Tu, Yuening Zhang, and Jingfeng Bi contributed equally to this work."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enqiang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(4)","key":"R1-20230926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2017.0078","article-title":"Histopathological evaluation of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis regression","volume":"23","author":"Lo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Mol 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