{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:53:07Z","timestamp":1777737187849,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Innovations\ufffd(Phila)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) blocks trigger stimulation from PVs and partially disconnects the atria from sympathetic and parasympathetic neural stimulation. This study describes long-term changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and autonomic activity (AA) after successful bipolar radiofrequency PVI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and successful (defined as stable sinus rhythm for 1 year) off-pump bipolar radiofrequency PVI for PAF were prospectively followed 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery including 24 hours Holter electrocardiogram. The following HRV and AA parameters were calculated: mean NN-interval, SD of NN-intervals, SD of averaged NN-intervals, root mean square of successive differences, low frequency (LF) power (0.04\u20130.15 Hz; a parameter specific for sympathetic activity), high frequency (HF) power (0.15\u20130.4 Hz; a parameter specific for parasympathetic activity), and the LF:HF ratio.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperatively, high HRV and AA parameters were recorded. In 3-, 6-, and 12-month time, a progressive reduction of HRV and AA was observed, reaching significance after 12 months. Respective rates before surgery and 12 months after it were: for SD of averaged NN-intervals (122.4 \u00b1 113; 80.5 \u00b1 42 milliseconds; P = 0.046), for root mean square of successive differences (79.2 \u00b1 93; 45 \u00b1 20 milliseconds; P = 0.04). The LF:HF ratios were 1.22 and 0.73 before and 12 months after surgery, respectively. The statistically significant continuous reduction in LF:HF ratio (P = 0.02) is suggestive of a progressive parasympathetic dominance 12 months after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Successful PVI for PAF results in HRV and sympathetic activity reduction with preoperative sympathetic dominance and oncoming vagal dominance after 1 year from surgery. Despite preoperative sympathetic dominance, successful PVI for PAF results in HRV and a reduction in sympathetic activity with emerging parasympathetic dominance 12 months after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/imi.0b013e31816755c3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,5]],"date-time":"2008-05-05T04:19:05Z","timestamp":1209961145000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How Does Successful Off-Pump Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Influence Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Activity?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Suwalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, 1st Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Suwalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, 1st Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurij M.","family":"Kalisnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Sledz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, 1st Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julita","family":"Switaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, 1st Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Czachor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, 1st Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Borut","family":"Gersak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazimierz B.","family":"Suwalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, 1st Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-imi.0b013e31816755c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.07.027"},{"key":"bibr2-imi.0b013e31816755c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.05.048"},{"key":"bibr3-imi.0b013e31816755c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36684-X"},{"key":"bibr4-imi.0b013e31816755c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809033391003"},{"key":"bibr5-imi.0b013e31816755c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04484-3"},{"key":"bibr6-imi.0b013e31816755c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03908-5"},{"key":"bibr7-imi.0b013e31816755c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.03.041"},{"key":"bibr8-imi.0b013e31816755c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.03.036"},{"key":"bibr9-imi.0b013e31816755c3","first-page":"705","volume":"47","author":"Melby S.J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc 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