{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T11:43:35Z","timestamp":1694605415200},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe bacterial infections remain one of the 3 leading causes of newborn death worldwide. Most such deaths could be prevented with timely and appropriate antibiotic treatment. However, in low-income countries, there are many such cases for which, practically speaking, it is not currently feasible to offer gold-standard, inpatient treatment with 7 days of parenteral antibiotics. Recent trial results, however, provide evidence for efficacy using simpler outpatient antibiotic regimens, equivalent to treatment with 7 days of procaine penicillin and gentamicin, given on an outpatient basis. Based on these findings, the World Health Organization has recently released guidelines endorsing such an approach for cases for which referral for inpatient treatment is not feasible. This brief report looks beyond the measured effect sizes in the published trials to other details on how they were implemented and what outcomes were observed for different groups of study participants. The report considers, further, the circumstances in country settings where such a strategy may be appropriate and offers issues for consideration by policy makers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0000000000002008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,29]],"date-time":"2018-03-29T21:33:20Z","timestamp":1522359200000},"page":"1299-1302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Simplified Treatment of Possible Severe Bacterial Infection in Young Infants When Referral Is Not Feasible. What Happened There? What Are the Implications Here?"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62284-4","article-title":"Simplified antibiotic regimens compared with injectable procaine benzyl-penicillin plus gentamicin for treatment of neonates and young infants with clinical signs of possible serious bacterial infection when referral is not possible: a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial.","volume":"385","author":"Tshefu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R4-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62285-6","article-title":"Oral amoxicillin compared with injectable procaine benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin for treatment of neonates and young infants with fast breathing when referral is not possible: a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial.","volume":"385","author":"Tshefu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R5-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e279","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70347-X","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of alternative antibiotic regimens compared with 7 day injectable procaine benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for outpatient treatment of neonates and young infants with clinical signs of severe infection when referral is not possible: a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial.","volume":"3","author":"Baqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R6-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e177","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30335-7","article-title":"Simplified antibiotic regimens for treatment of clinical severe infection in the outpatient setting when referral is not possible for young infants in Pakistan (Simplified Antibiotic Therapy Trial [SATT]): a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial.","volume":"5","author":"Mir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R8-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60204-5","article-title":"Community management of neonatal infections.","volume":"385","author":"Nair","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R10-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00331-1","article-title":"Simplified antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis\u2013AFRINEST.","volume":"386","author":"Bang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R11-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000078163.80807.88","article-title":"Predictors of neonatal sepsis in developing countries.","volume":"22","author":"Weber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R12-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70804-7","article-title":"Estimates of possible severe bacterial infection in neonates in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and Latin America for 2012: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"Seale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R13-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-016-0177-1","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of possible severe bacterial infection and case fatality rates in rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America, 2010-2013: a multicenter prospective cohort study.","volume":"13","author":"Hibberd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"R14-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181dfca8c","article-title":"Invasive bacterial infections in neonates and young infants born outside hospital admitted to a rural hospital in Kenya.","volume":"29","author":"Talbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006454-201812000-00025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T23:08:18Z","timestamp":1694560098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006454-201812000-00025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/inf.0000000000002008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-3668"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-3668","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}}}