{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:32:42Z","timestamp":1777581162073,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bifidobacterium breve<\/jats:italic> is widely used as a probiotic in preterm infants and children with congenital surgical conditions, however, some cases of probiotics-induced bacteremia have been reported recently.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To examine the clinical and bacteriologic features of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bifidobacterium breve<\/jats:italic> bacteremia caused by a probiotic (BBG-01) in term and preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We included 298 patients who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Miyagi Children\u2019s Hospital and were given BBG-01 as a probiotic within the period June 2014 to February 2019. We experienced six cases of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">breve<\/jats:italic> bacteremia and assessed their features retrospectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The incidence rate of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">breve<\/jats:italic> bacteremia in our hospital was 2% (6\/298), higher than reported previously. The median age at onset, corrected age, and weight of the patients was 8 days (range: 5\u201327 days), 35 weeks (range: 26\u201339 weeks), and 1,940\u2009g (range: 369\u20132734\u2009g), respectively. The bacteremia triggers were gastrointestinal perforations in two cases, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in two cases, adhesive ileus in one case, ileal volvulus in one case, and aspiration pneumonia following esophageal atresia repair in one case. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">breve<\/jats:italic> was detected on blood cultures after a median of 5 days 13 hours (range: 4 days 18 hours\u20139 days 13 hours). No patient demonstrated serious symptoms, such as septic shock. All patients received antibiotics and recovered without any sequelae.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ileus and intestinal mucosal damage, such as enteritis, can cause <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">breve<\/jats:italic> bacteremia. The incidence of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. breve<\/jats:italic> bacteremia may be higher than reported previously and detection via culture may require a longer time than typically needed for more common bacteria. It is associated with a good prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0000000000003232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T19:00:10Z","timestamp":1624561210000},"page":"62-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Clinical and Bacteriologic Characteristics of Six Cases of Bifidobacterium breve Bacteremia Due to Probiotic Administration in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Yoshie","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neonatology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neonatology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neonatology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neonatology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Miyagi Children\u2019s Hospital, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neonatology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Nawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neonatology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001140","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota in pediatric surgical cases administered Bifidobacterium breve: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"63","author":"Okazaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"R2-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.02963.x","article-title":"Early use of probiotics is important therapy in infants with severe congenital anomaly.","volume":"52","author":"Kanamori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"R3-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.08.055","article-title":"Probiotics and the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis.","volume":"54","author":"Underwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R4-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13123","article-title":"Safety of Bifidobacterium breve (BBG-01) in preterm infants.","volume":"59","author":"Kitajima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"R5-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01027-2","article-title":"Bifidobacterium breve BBG-001 in very preterm infants: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial.","volume":"387","author":"Costeloe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R6-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.11.041","article-title":"Bifidobacterium septicemia associated with postoperative probiotic therapy in a neonate with omphalocele.","volume":"156","author":"Ohishi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R7-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13103","article-title":"Bacteremia induced by Bifidobacterium breve in a newborn with cloacal exstrophy.","volume":"58","author":"Sato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"R8-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1256","article-title":"Probiotic use in clinical practice: what are the risks?","volume":"83","author":"Boyle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R9-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2013.04.005","article-title":"Tolerance of Bifidobacterium human isolates to bile, acid and oxygen.","volume":"21","author":"Andriantsoanirina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"R11-20250615","first-page":"175","article-title":"Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure.","volume":"27","author":"Pruccoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"R13-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.014605","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, mortality, length of hospital stay, and weight gain in very preterm infants: a meta-analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"R14-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20153684","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3684","article-title":"Probiotic supplementation and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants: a meta-analysis.","volume":"137","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R15-20250615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000235684","article-title":"Probiotics reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a meta-analysis.","volume":"97","author":"Alfaleh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neonatology"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000003232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T16:01:41Z","timestamp":1750003301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000003232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/inf.0000000000003232","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-3668"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-3668","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]}}}