{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:34:24Z","timestamp":1787924064920,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Formulating effective regimens to treat children with drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) remains a great challenge. We aimed to compare treatment outcomes among children treated with regimens containing newer second-line anti-TB drugs to those treated with previously used regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals \u226418 years old treated for rifampicin-resistantTB in the country of Georgia from 2009 to 2023. We defined \u201cnew and repurposed second-line drugs (SLDs)\u201d as regimens that contained bedaquiline, delamanid and\/or linezolid; otherwise categorized as \u201ctraditional SLDs.\u201d We defined poor end-of-treatment outcomes if participants were lost to follow-up, experienced treatment failure or died during treatment. We defined poor long-term outcomes as TB recurrence and\/or all-cause mortality after TB treatment completion. We reported relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated with multivariable log-binomial regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 158 children and adolescents; 51 (32%) received new and repurposed SLDs and 107 (68%) received traditional SLDs. Poor end-of-treatment outcome was much less common among those who received new and repurposed SLDs compared with those who received traditional SLDs [1 (2%) vs. 18 (18%); adjusted risk ratio, 0.11 (95% CI, 0.01\u20130.50)]. Poor long-term outcomes occurred among 7 (4%) participants, including 4 [3% (95% CI, 0.8\u20136.0)] who had recurrent TB (2 received traditional SLDs and 2 received new and repurposed SLDs) and 3 [2% (95% CI, 0.5\u20135.1)] who died after TB treatment completion (all received traditional SLDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children and adolescents treated for rifampicin-resistant TB with new and repurposed drugs had much better treatment outcomes than those treated with traditional SLDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0000000000005366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:10:22Z","timestamp":1787922622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Bedaquiline-, Delamanid- and Linezolid-Containing Regimens in Improving Treatment Outcomes Among Pediatric and Adolescents With Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Country of Georgia"],"prefix":"10.1097","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8955-4557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tea","family":"Madzgharashvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ivane Javakhisvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"Lomtadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"The Global Fund, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamuka","family":"Chincharauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maia","family":"Kipiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"David Tvildiani Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nestani","family":"Tukvadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaza","family":"Avaliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"European University, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry M.","family":"Blumberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell R.","family":"Kempker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5788-3487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paata","family":"Imnadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ivane Javakhisvili Tbilisi 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