{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:28:23Z","timestamp":1791271703892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0b013e31806215f9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,24]],"date-time":"2007-07-24T04:03:14Z","timestamp":1185249794000},"page":"728-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Aphthous Stomatitis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Felice","family":"Femiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curzio","family":"Buonaiuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Gombos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Nunziata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Piccolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(96)80403-3","article-title":"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis\u2013an update.","volume":"81","author":"Ship","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R2-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2005.00632.x","article-title":"Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in children and youths in the USA.","volume":"15","author":"Shulman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R3-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2004.08.001","article-title":"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.","volume":"49","author":"Akintoye","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"R4-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1006\/ijom.2002.0446","article-title":"Recurrent aphthous ulcers today: a review of the growing knowledge.","volume":"33","author":"Natah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R5-13-20210202","first-page":"1687","article-title":"Aphthous ulcers (recurrent).","volume":"13","author":"Porter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Evid"},{"key":"R6-13-20210202","first-page":"355","article-title":"Clinical practice. Aphthous ulceration.","volume":"13","author":"Scully","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R7-13-20210202","first-page":"376","article-title":"Epidemiology of the most common oral mucosal diseases in children.","volume":"10","author":"Rioboo-Crespo Mdel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"R8-13-20210202","first-page":"482","article-title":"Importance of oral signs in the diagnosis of atypical forms of celiac disease.","volume":"95","author":"Pastore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Recenti Prog Med"},{"key":"R9-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0134","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a consensus approach.","volume":"134","author":"Scully","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R10-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01107.x","article-title":"Mucosal diseases series.","volume":"11","author":"Scully","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R11-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.2005.tb01656.x","article-title":"Thalidomide in the management of recurrent aphthous ulcerations in patients who are HIV-positive: a review and case reports.","volume":"25","author":"Shetty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spec Care Dentist"},{"key":"R12-13-20210202","first-page":"510","article-title":"Herpes simplex and aphthous ulcerations: presentation, diagnosis and management\u2013an update.","volume":"51","author":"Sciubba","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"R13-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.10.863","article-title":"Complex aphthosis: a large case series with evaluation algorithm and therapeutic ladder from topicals to thalidomide.","volume":"52","author":"Letsinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R14-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48382-3_61","article-title":"Complex aphthosis.","volume":"528","author":"Rogers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"R15-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(02)00058-X","article-title":"Complex aphthosis and Behcet's disease.","volume":"21","author":"McCarty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"R16-13-20210202","first-page":"133","article-title":"The effect of a dentifrice in the prevention of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.","volume":"2","author":"Coli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"R17-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00404.x","article-title":"Salivary interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration.","volume":"35","author":"Boras","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R18-13-20210202","first-page":"844","article-title":"Case report: recurrent aphthous stomatitis responds to vitamin B12 treatment.","volume":"51","author":"Volkov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"R19-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0904-2512.2004.00094.x","article-title":"Serum interleukin-8 level is a more sensitive marker than serum interleukin-6 level in monitoring the disease activity of recurrent aphthous ulcerations.","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R20-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00442.x","article-title":"Serum Levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and IFN-\u03b3 in Behcet's disease.","volume":"30","author":"Aridogan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"R21-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06199.x","article-title":"A case of severe tongue ulceration and laryngeal inflammation induced by low-dose nicorandil therapy.","volume":"151","author":"Jang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R22-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0904-2512.2004.00089.x","article-title":"The Th1\/Th2 immune-type response of the recurrent aphthous ulceration analyzed by cDNA microarray.","volume":"33","author":"Borra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R23-13-20210202","first-page":"295","article-title":"Aphthae and aphthosis.","volume":"104","author":"Ben Slama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac"},{"key":"R24-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2005.01.002","article-title":"Predominance of Type 1 cytokines and decreased number of CD4(+) CD25(+high) T regulatory cells in peripheral blood of patients with recurrent aphthous ulcerations.","volume":"99","author":"Lewkowicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"R25-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mph.0000243656.25938.7b","article-title":"Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and defective neutrophil function.","volume":"28","author":"Broides","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"R26-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01243.x","article-title":"Association of interleukin 1-\u03b2 polymorphism with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in Brazilian individuals.","volume":"12","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R27-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00383.x","article-title":"Levamisole can modulate the serum tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 level in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcerations.","volume":"35","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R28-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.09.006","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome in a young adult who had features of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis as a child.","volume":"146","author":"Saulsbury","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R29-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2003.00965.x","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the IL-10 and IL-12 gene cluster and risk of developing recurrent aphthous stomatitis.","volume":"9","author":"Bazrafshani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R30-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/120347540300700306","article-title":"High-level expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in an aphthous ulcer.","volume":"7","author":"Arbiser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"R31-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700492","article-title":"Nicotine and biochanin A, but not cigarette smoke, induce anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and endothelial cells in patients with Behcet's disease.","volume":"127","author":"Kalayciyan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R32-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550310014825","article-title":"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and atopy.","volume":"83","author":"Veller-Fornasa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R33-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2005.20.6.971","article-title":"Comparison of Behcet's disease and recurrent aphthous ulcer according to characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms.","volume":"20","author":"Rhee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"R34-13-20210202","first-page":"192","article-title":"Celiac disease in patients having recurrent aphthous stomatitis.","volume":"15","author":"Aydemir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R35-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2003.00614_1.x","article-title":"The effects of colchicine on neutrophil function in subjects with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.","volume":"17","author":"Altinor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R36-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00166.x","article-title":"Oral nicorandil-induced lesions are not aphthous ulcers.","volume":"32","author":"Boulinguez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R37-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02787-7","article-title":"Aphthous stomatitis induced by piroxicam.","volume":"50","author":"Lisi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R38-13-20210202","first-page":"2421","article-title":"Aphthous ulcerations, an undesirable little-known effect of antihypertensive agents.","volume":"1","author":"Madrid","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Med Suisse"},{"key":"R39-13-20210202","first-page":"381","article-title":"Hematologic status in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in Jordan.","volume":"27","author":"Burgan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"R40-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500355022","article-title":"Oral aphthous ulcers and dental enamel defects in children with coeliac disease.","volume":"95","author":"Bucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"R41-13-20210202","first-page":"872","article-title":"Hematologic abnormalities in recurrent oral ulceration.","volume":"33","author":"Thongprasom","year":"2002","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"R42-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.07.002","article-title":"Is there a role for the otolaryngologist in PFAPA syndrome? A systematic review.","volume":"70","author":"Leong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R43-13-20210202","first-page":"90","article-title":"Cytokine profile in PFAPA syndrome suggests continuous inflammation and reduced anti-inflammatory response.","volume":"17","author":"Stojanov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"R44-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000215233.17651.12","article-title":"Recurrent aseptic encephalitis in periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenopathy (PFAPA) syndrome.","volume":"25","author":"Frye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R45-13-20210202","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thalidomide for recurrent aphthous ulcerations.","volume":"15","author":"Shetty","year":"2003","journal-title":"HIV Clin"},{"key":"R46-13-20210202","first-page":"383","article-title":"Management of aphtous stomatitis.","volume":"8","author":"Esparza Gomez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Oral"},{"key":"R47-13-20210202","first-page":"330","article-title":"The management of oral conditions.","volume":"248","author":"Fraser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"R48-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00379.x","article-title":"The efficacy of amlexanox OraDisc on the prevention of recurrent minor aphthous ulceration.","volume":"35","author":"Murray","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R49-13-20210202","first-page":"74","article-title":"Oral ulcerations.","volume":"13","author":"Fischman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin Dermatol"},{"key":"R50-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2003.139","article-title":"Treatment of severe erosive gingival lesions by topical application of clobetasol propionate in custom trays.","volume":"95","author":"Gonzalez-Moles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R51-13-20210202","first-page":"50","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids in dental practice.","author":"Savage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"R52-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2005.00334.x","article-title":"A comparative study of the efficacy of aphtheal in the management of recurrent minor aphthous ulceration.","volume":"34","author":"Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R53-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01853.x","article-title":"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis unresponsive to topical corticosteroids: a study of the comparative therapeutic effects of systemic prednisone and systemic sulodexide.","volume":"42","author":"Femiano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R54-13-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00433.x","article-title":"The efficacy of topical hyaluronic acid in the management of recurrent aphthous ulceration.","volume":"35","author":"Nolan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/INF.0b013e31806215f9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T16:54:33Z","timestamp":1786035273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006454-200708000-00013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/inf.0b013e31806215f9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-3668"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-3668","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}}}