{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:27:27Z","timestamp":1789590447775,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0b013e3181861da0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T03:13:30Z","timestamp":1230002010000},"page":"25-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Rhinoviruses Are a Major Cause of Wheezing and Hospitalization in Children Less Than 2 Years of Age"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Zofia","family":"Piotrowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marietta","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene D.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Weibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie L.","family":"Landry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71877-8","article-title":"WHO estimates of the causes of death in children.","volume":"365","author":"Bryce","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.11.2864-2868.1997","article-title":"Frequency and natural history of rhinovirus infections in adults during autumn.","volume":"35","author":"Arruda","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R3-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-94-22915","article-title":"A cytopathogenic agent isolated from naval recruits with mild respiratory illnesses.","volume":"94","author":"Pelon","year":"1957","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"R4-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.42.12.892","article-title":"The isolation of a new virus associated with respiratory clinical disease in humans.","volume":"42","author":"Price","year":"1956","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R5-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.03.012","article-title":"Characterisation of a newly identified human rhinovirus, HRV-QPM, discovered in infants with bronchiolitis.","volume":"39","author":"McErlean","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"R6-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1086\/508551","article-title":"MassTag polymerase-chain-reaction detection of respiratory pathogens, including a new rhinovirus genotype, that caused influenza-like illness in New York State during 2004\u20132005.","volume":"194","author":"Lamson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1086\/524312","article-title":"A recently identified rhinovirus genotype is associated with severe respiratory-tract infection in children in Germany.","volume":"196","author":"Renwick","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01254-07","article-title":"Clinical features and complete genome characterization of a distinct human rhinovirus (HRV) genetic cluster, probably representing a previously undetected HRV species, HRV-C, associated with acute respiratory illness in children.","volume":"45","author":"Lau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R9-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.12.016","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a variant rhinovirus from an outbreak associated with uncommonly high mortality.","volume":"38","author":"Kiang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"R10-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e966","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000966","article-title":"A diverse group of previously unrecognized human rhinoviruses are common causes of respiratory illnesses in infants.","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"R11-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20689","article-title":"Frequent detection of human rhinoviruses, paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses, and bocavirus during acute respiratory tract infections.","volume":"78","author":"Arden","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R12-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.1.166-171.2006","article-title":"Detection of rhinoviruses by tissue culture and two independent amplification techniques, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and reverse transcription-PCR, in children with acute respiratory infections during a winter season.","volume":"44","author":"Loens","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R13-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01739-07","article-title":"Real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for comprehensive detection of human rhinoviruses.","volume":"46","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R14-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3282f41cb6","article-title":"New developments in the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of rhinovirus infections.","volume":"20","author":"Brownlee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"R15-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200004000-00006","article-title":"Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children.","volume":"19","author":"Juven","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R16-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.701","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children.","volume":"113","author":"Michelow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R17-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1086\/313937","article-title":"Spectrum of clinical illness in hospitalized patients with \u201ccommon cold\u201d virus infections.","volume":"31","author":"El-Sahly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R18-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199304000-00011","article-title":"Rhinovirus infection associated with serious illness among pediatric patients.","volume":"12","author":"McMillan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R19-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200112-118BC","article-title":"Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis.","volume":"165","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R20-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.11.009","article-title":"Association of respiratory picornaviruses with acute bronchiolitis in French infants.","volume":"35","author":"Jacques","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"R21-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199701000-00010","article-title":"Rhinovirus infection associated with serious lower respiratory illness in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.","volume":"16","author":"Chidekel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R22-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181586b63","article-title":"Rhinovirus infection in hospitalized children in Hong Kong: a prospective study.","volume":"26","author":"Cheuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R23-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0197(98)00004-X","article-title":"Serious respiratory illness associated with rhinovirus infection in a pediatric population.","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Virol"},{"key":"R24-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.1044","article-title":"A comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of respiratory infections in children with bronchiolitis, and the implications for a cohorting strategy.","volume":"49","author":"Ong","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R25-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6989.1225","article-title":"Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9\u201311 year old children.","volume":"310","author":"Johnston","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R26-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.3.9801052","article-title":"Rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in wheezing children requiring emergency care. IgE and eosinophil analyses.","volume":"159","author":"Rakes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R27-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09112250","article-title":"Experimental rhinovirus infection in volunteers.","volume":"9","author":"Bardin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R28-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1086\/511821","article-title":"Rhinovirus-associated hospitalizations in young children.","volume":"195","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R29-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2140","article-title":"Virological and serological analysis of rhinovirus infections during the first two years of life in a cohort of children.","volume":"66","author":"Blomqvist","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R30-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000226912.88900.a3","article-title":"Role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life: a birth cohort study.","volume":"25","author":"Kusel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R31-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2003.00064.x","article-title":"Predominance of rhinovirus in the nose of symptomatic and asymptomatic infants.","volume":"14","author":"van Benten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R32-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.1.111-117.1993","article-title":"Use of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of picornavirus infection in subjects with and without respiratory symptoms.","volume":"31","author":"Johnston","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R33-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02553-06","article-title":"Comparison of results of detection of rhinovirus by PCR and viral culture in human nasal wash specimens from subjects with and without clinical symptoms of respiratory illness.","volume":"45","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R34-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2161","article-title":"Human picornavirus and coronavirus RNA in nasopharynx of children without concurrent respiratory symptoms.","volume":"66","author":"Nokso-Koivisto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R35-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20588","article-title":"Picornavirus infections in children diagnosed by RT-PCR during longitudinal surveillance with weekly sampling: association with symptomatic illness and effect of season.","volume":"78","author":"Winther","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R36-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1086\/525542","article-title":"Rhinovirus transmission within families with children: incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections.","volume":"197","author":"Peltola","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R37-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1086\/423213","article-title":"Surveillance of clinical isolates of respiratory syncytial virus for palivizumab (Synagis)-resistant mutants.","volume":"190","author":"DeVincenzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R38-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(80)90229-9","article-title":"The stabilization and purification of respiratory syncytial virus using MgSO4.","volume":"106","author":"Fernie","year":"1980","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R39-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1086\/508213","article-title":"Human bocavirus infection in young children in the United States: molecular epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of a newly emerging respiratory virus.","volume":"194","author":"Kesebir","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R40-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704257","article-title":"Active surveillance for respiratory virus infections in adults who have undergone bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.","volume":"32","author":"Roghmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"R41-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890280204","article-title":"Amplification of rhinovirus specific nucleic acids from clinical samples using the polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"28","author":"Gama","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R42-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1086\/382482","article-title":"A 1-year experience with human metapneumovirus in children aged <5 years.","volume":"189","author":"Esper","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R43-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890250409","article-title":"Contribution of rhinoviruses to respiratory viral infections in childhood: a prospective study in a mainly hospitalized infant population.","volume":"25","author":"Kellner","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R44-7-20210202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(02)80093-5","article-title":"The seasonality of rhinovirus infections and its implications for clinical recognition.","volume":"24","author":"Monto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Ther"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181861da0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:28:39Z","timestamp":1786037319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006454-200901000-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/inf.0b013e3181861da0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-3668"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-3668","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}