{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:43:54Z","timestamp":1781196234282,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/ http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the topographical distribution of pruriception (in particular for nonhistaminergic itch), although conditions with chronic itch frequently occur in distinct anatomic and often bilateral patterns. This study aimed to investigate regional differences in the sensitivity to itch stimuli by assessing the intensity of itch, pain, and cutaneous neurogenic flare evoked by histamine and cowhage in different anatomic regions in 20 healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Itch was induced by 1% histamine applied with a prick lancet or by insertion of 25\u00b15 cowhage spicules in 4 regions: volar\/dorsal forearm, lower back, and chin. The duration and intensity of itch and pain following each pruritic stimulus were measured by a continuous visual analogue scale (VAS<jats:sub>0-100<\/jats:sub>). Sensitivity to touch-evoked itch was assessed by von Frey filaments and cutaneous flare was quantified by full-field laser perfusion imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peak itch intensity was lower at the chin (19.4\u00b13.6) compared with other areas (mean of 3 locations; 41.3\u00b14.4), independently of whether histamine or cowhage was applied (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). Baseline sensitivity to touch-evoked itch was higher on the chin (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01), but here hyperknesis did not develop in contrast to other areas (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Cutaneous flare was more intense but had a smaller dispersion at the chin, compared with other areas (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, sensitivity to histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch diverges considerably between body regions. Lower density of pruriceptive CMH and CMI-neurons or distinct neuronal substrates for itch in the mandibular part of the trigeminal area may explain the observed reduced itch and vasomotor responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/itx.0000000000000002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T19:23:43Z","timestamp":1482261823000},"page":"e2-e2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Topography of itch: evidence of distinct coding for pruriception in the trigeminal nerve"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Hjalte H.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain Research, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Elberling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lo Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain Research, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Arendt-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain Research, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0305","article-title":"Clinical classification of itch: a position paper of the International Forum for the Study of Itch","volume":"87","author":"St\u00e4nder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R2-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1402","article-title":"Questionnaires to assess chronic itch: a consensus paper of the special interest group of the International Forum on the Study of Itch","volume":"92","author":"Weisshaar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R4-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24179","article-title":"Whole-body mapping of spatial acuity for pain and touch","volume":"75","author":"Mancini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R5-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00484-X","article-title":"Spatial discrimination thresholds for pain and touch in human hairy skin","volume":"92","author":"Schlereth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R6-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.02.021","article-title":"Mechanically evoked itch in humans","volume":"154","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R7-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1318","article-title":"Common neuropathic itch syndromes","volume":"92","author":"Oaklander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R8-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00400-6","article-title":"Intractable postherpetic itch and cutaneous deafferentation after facial shingles","volume":"96","author":"Oaklander","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R9-20230817","first-page":"38","article-title":"Prurigo nodularis: a benign dermatosis derived from a persistent pruritus","volume":"16","author":"Vaidya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat"},{"key":"R10-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00627.x","article-title":"Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase as serologic markers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis","volume":"113","author":"Dieterich","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R11-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2014.04.010","article-title":"Demographic and clinical profiles in patients with acute urticaria","volume":"43","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Borges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"R12-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.06.014","article-title":"Causes of epidermal filaggrin reduction and their role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis","volume":"134","author":"Thyssen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R13-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01381-4","article-title":"The pathogenesis of psoriasis: immunological facts and speculations","volume":"20","author":"Bos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"R14-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06645.x","article-title":"Psoriasis: dysregulation of innate immunity","volume":"152","author":"Bos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R15-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.11.023","article-title":"New pathogenic and therapeutic paradigms in atopic dermatitis","volume":"73","author":"Malajian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"R16-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2013.814759","article-title":"Prurigo nodularis: an update on etiopathogenesis and therapy","volume":"24","author":"Fostini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"R17-20230817","first-page":"771","article-title":"Human surrogate models of histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch","volume":"95","author":"Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R18-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2010.484420","article-title":"Therapy of pruritus","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"R19-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00302.2011","article-title":"Facial injections of pruritogens or algogens elicit distinct behavior responses in rats and excite overlapping populations of primary sensory and trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons","volume":"106","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"R20-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3641","article-title":"Sensory neurons and circuits mediating itch","volume":"15","author":"LaMotte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R21-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8003","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-20-08003.1997","article-title":"Specific C-receptors for itch in human skin","volume":"17","author":"Schmelz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R22-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17786","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017786","article-title":"Cowhage-induced itch as an experimental model for pruritus. A comparative study with histamine-induced itch","volume":"6","author":"Papoiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R23-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6176","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-15-06176.2003","article-title":"Proteinase-activated receptor-2 mediates itch: a novel pathway for pruritus in human skin","volume":"23","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R24-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12874474","article-title":"Properties of transdermal histamine iontophoresis: differential effects of season, gender, and body region","volume":"94","author":"Magerl","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R25-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91268.2008","article-title":"Pruritic and nociceptive sensations and dysesthesias from a spicule of cowhage","volume":"101","author":"LaMotte","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"R26-20230817","article-title":"A test-retest reliability study of human experimental models of histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch","author":"Andersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R27-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2014.494.x","article-title":"Somatosensory and vasomotor manifestations of individual and combined stimulation of TRPM8 and TRPA1 using topical L-menthol and trans -cinnamaldehyde in healthy volunteers","volume":"18","author":"Olsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"R28-20230817","first-page":"203","article-title":"The UVB cutaneous inflammatory pain model: a reproducibility study in healthy volunteers","volume":"5","author":"M\u00f8rch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"R29-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7490","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1249-07.2007","article-title":"Psychophysical and physiological evidence for parallel afferent pathways mediating the sensation of itch","volume":"27","author":"Johanek","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R30-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1894","article-title":"Gender differences in itch and pain-related sensations provoked by histamine, cowhage and capsaicin","volume":"95","author":"Hartmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R31-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.03.001","article-title":"Similar itch and nociceptive sensations evoked by punctate cutaneous application of capsaicin, histamine and cowhage","volume":"144","author":"Sikand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R32-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.03.004","article-title":"Topographical distribution of warmth, burning and itch sensations in healthy humans","volume":"494","author":"Truini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"R33-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11070.x","article-title":"Aberrant C nerve fibre function of the healthy scalp","volume":"167","author":"Bin Saif","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R34-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555571205208","article-title":"Perception of histamine-induced itch elicited in three different skin regions","volume":"71","author":"Wahlgren","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R35-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120461","article-title":"Sensitivity of human scalp skin to pruritic stimuli investigated by intradermal microdialysis in vivo","volume":"47","author":"Rukwied","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R36-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.032","article-title":"Differences in peripheral endocannabinoid modulation of scratching behavior in facial vs. spinally-innervated skin","volume":"63","author":"Spradley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"R37-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02215.x","article-title":"Generalized and symptom-specific sensitization of chronic itch and pain","volume":"21","author":"van Laarhoven","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol"},{"key":"R38-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12189","article-title":"Sensitivity to itch and pain in patients with psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"van Laarhoven","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R39-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.01.043","article-title":"Induction of nocebo and placebo effects on itch and pain by verbal suggestions","volume":"152","author":"Van Laarhoven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R40-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000210950.01503.72","article-title":"Quantifying allodynia in patients suffering from unilateral neuropathic pain using von frey monofilaments","volume":"23","author":"Keizer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R41-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31822f0092","article-title":"Reproducibility of electronic von Frey and von Frey monofilaments testing","volume":"28","author":"Tena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R42-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/08990229970357","article-title":"Enhancement of experimental pruritus and mechanically evoked dysesthesiae with local anesthesia","volume":"16","author":"Atanassoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Somatosens Mot Res"},{"key":"R44-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.12.2245","article-title":"Secondary hyperalgesia to punctate mechanical stimuli. Central sensitization to A-fibre nociceptor input","volume":"122","author":"Ziegler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R45-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.12.001","article-title":"A spinal circuit for mechanically-evoked itch","volume":"39","author":"Davidson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"R46-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac8653","article-title":"Gate control of mechanical itch by a subpopulation of spinal cord interneurons","volume":"350","author":"Bourane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"R47-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200002280-00041","article-title":"Which nerve fibers mediate the axon reflex flare in human skin?","volume":"11","author":"Schmelz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"R48-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.4.1859","article-title":"Innervation territories of mechano-insensitive C nociceptors in human skin","volume":"88","author":"Schmidt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"R49-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.3.560","article-title":"Encoding of burning pain from capsaicin-treated human skin in two categories of unmyelinated nerve fibres","volume":"123","author":"Schmelz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R50-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1973.38.1.0065","article-title":"Fiber spectrum of the trigeminal sensory root of the baboon determined by electron microscopy","volume":"38","author":"Young","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R51-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1959.69","article-title":"The innervation of human epidermis","volume":"32","author":"Arthur","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R52-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550310015419","article-title":"Epidermal thickness at different body sites: relationship to age, gender, pigmentation, blood content, skin type and smoking habits","volume":"83","author":"Sandby-M\u00f8ller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R53-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90048-5","article-title":"The effects of thermal stimulation on clinical and experimental itch","volume":"24","author":"Fruhstorfer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R54-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1973.tb03007.x","article-title":"The thickness of the epidermis","volume":"89","author":"Whitton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R55-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23942.x","article-title":"Noxious heat and scratching decrease histamine-induced itch and skin blood flow","volume":"125","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"R56-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.10.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of pain and itch caused by Herpes Zoster (Shingles)","volume":"9","author":"Oaklander","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pain"}],"container-title":["Itch"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01893704-201703000-00001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T09:45:04Z","timestamp":1718963104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01893704-201703000-00001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/itx.0000000000000002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2380-5048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2380-5048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}}}