{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T01:19:19Z","timestamp":1789953559213,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Chronic itch has been drawing much attention due to its clinical significance and the complexity of its mechanisms. To facilitate the development of anti-itch strategies, it is necessary to investigate the key players in itch sensation under chronic itch conditions. Several members of the Mrgpr family were identified as itch receptors that detect cutaneous pruritogens in primary sensory neurons. However, the role of Mrgprs in chronic itch conditions has not been well described.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Scratching behaviors of Wildtype and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mrgpr-cluster\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                                 <jats:sup>\n                                    \u2212\/\u2212\n                                 <\/jats:sup> mice were examined in dry skin model and contact dermatitis model to examine the role of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mrgpr<\/jats:italic> genes in mediating chronic itch sensation. Scratching behaviors of the mice were also examined in allergic itch model. Real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine the expression level of MrgprA3 and MrgprC11 under naive and dry skin conditions. The MrgprA3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> itch-sensing fibers were labeled by tdTomato fluorescence in <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mrgpra3<\/jats:italic>\n                                 <jats:sup>\n                                    GFP-Cre\n                                 <\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ROSA26<\/jats:italic>\n                                 <jats:sup>\n                                    tdTomato\n                                 <\/jats:sup> mice, and the morphology and density of those fibers in the epidermis were analyzed under dry skin condition.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We showed that deleting a cluster of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mrgpr<\/jats:italic> genes in mice reduced scratching behavior severely under 2 chronic itch conditions, namely dry skin and contact dermatitis, and the allergic itch condition. Moreover, the gene expressions of itch receptors MrgprA3 and MrgprC11 in dorsal root ganglia were upregulated significantly under dry skin condition. Consistently, the percentage of MrgprA3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> itch-sensing neurons was increased as well. We also observed hyperinnervation of MrgprA3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> itch-sensing fibers in the epidermis of the skin under dry skin condition.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We demonstrate that Mrgprs play important roles in mediating chronic itch and allergic itch. These findings enrich our knowledge of itch mechanism and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approach to combat itch.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/itx.0000000000000009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T20:36:25Z","timestamp":1510086985000},"page":"e9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mrgprs activation is required for chronic itch conditions in mice"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Yuyan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1208814","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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