{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:21:29Z","timestamp":1787505689675,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n The increasing practice of antibiotic use in children without proper guidance, driven by easy availability of medications and limited understanding of the risks, is a significant health concern. The aim of this study was to understand the knowledge and consequences of parental misuse of antibiotics for children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This is a community-based cross-sectional study served by the Urban Health Training Center of Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, involving 173 parents of children younger than 12 years over a 12-month period. Participants were selected through simple random sampling and were interviewed using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression and expressed in terms of both counts and percentages along with odd ratios and confidence intervals.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Result:<\/jats:title>\n Of the total, 70 parents (40.46%) were aware of the consequences of antibiotic misuse. Mothers, parents aged 40 years and older, and those having secondary\/higher secondary education normally stopped giving antibiotics when their child started feeling better, whereas parents younger than 30 years, doing service, and having a family member working in medical field were seen keeping antibiotic stock at home for later use. Participants were confused whether antibiotic effectiveness is reduced if a full course of antibiotics is not completed. Allergic reaction was the consequence known by most of the parents. Cough\/cold was the major reason for antibiotic use in children without medical supervision. Most parents typically wait 1\u20132 days before beginning antibiotics. Minor illness was the leading reason for improper antibiotic use.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n It is crucial to launch extensive campaigns to inform parents about the dangers of antibiotic misuse, including the risks of resistance and potential side effects, especially for those who practice over-the-counter antibiotic use in children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T08:00:56Z","timestamp":1742284856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring knowledge and consequences of parental misuse of antibiotics for children"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5117-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shishir","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8958-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivani","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2947-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tajwar","family":"Yasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5525-4006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setu","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"R1-20250318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ejpm.20170505.12","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of self-medication with antibiotics for children in Makkah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"5","author":"Hamdy Alfalogy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"R3-20250318","first-page":"e30844","article-title":"Self-medication with antibiotics: an element increasing resistance","volume":"14","author":"Sachdev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"11","key":"R4-20250318","first-page":"1583","article-title":"Antibiotics self medication among children: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Bert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"R5-20250318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_143_17","article-title":"Self-medication with antibiotics: a knowledge, attitude, and practice appraisal of 610 dental patients in Chennai, India, from 2016 to 2017","volume":"7","author":"Shamsudeen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"issue":"12","key":"R6-20250318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.18535\/jmscr\/v6i12.47","article-title":"Self-medication practices among patients presenting to Medicine OPD in a tertiary care hospital, AIIMS-Patna (Bihar)","volume":"6","author":"Gunjan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Sci Clin Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"R7-20250318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-080X.166592","article-title":"Parents' knowledge and attitude to self-medication of children with antibiotics","volume":"6","author":"Sharif","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"R8-20250318","first-page":"179","article-title":"Evaluation of parental perception about self-medication and other medicine use practices in children","volume":"2","author":"Sontakke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R9-20250318","first-page":"4","article-title":"Study on prevalence and pattern of self medication practices in a rural area of Bihar","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10-20250318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-021-00226-y","article-title":"Understanding parental self-medication with antibiotics among parents of different nationalities: a cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Health Res Pol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11-20250318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/jphs.12331","article-title":"Parental self-medication of antibiotics for children in Jordan","volume":"11","author":"Mukattash","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Health Serv Res"}],"container-title":["Porto Biomedical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000286","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T08:00:59Z","timestamp":1742284859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000286","relation":{},"ISSN":["2444-8672"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2444-8672","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-11","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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