{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:35:40Z","timestamp":1791848140398,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), implicated in infertility and unfavorable outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART), is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder among women of reproductive age. This review summarizes the existing evidence on the impact of ATD on infertility and ART outcomes, with a particular focus on screening and therapeutic options. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) frequently coexists with ATD. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) thresholds for SCH treatment in fertility range from 2.5 to 4.0 mIU\/L, causing inconsistencies in clinical management. Although levothyroxine is widely recommended for TSH &gt;4.0 mIU\/L, benefits for lower thresholds remain controversial. Immunomodulatory therapies, such as glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin, have uncertain efficacy in improving ART outcomes. This review highlights the pressing need for standardized diagnostic criteria and therapeutic interventions to optimize fertility outcomes in ATD-positive women, particularly with SCH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T13:00:14Z","timestamp":1763989214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Autoimmune thyroid disease in infertility and assisted reproductive technology: A review"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6262-9741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0018-9264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"P\u00f3voa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Unit of Reproductive Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0552-1417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Silva-Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Unit of Reproductive Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 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