{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:23:06Z","timestamp":1788232986420,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Tracheobronchial (TB) lumen narrowing may require prolonged positive-pressure ventilation, endotracheal tube intubation or even surgical interventions. Therapeutic flexible bronchoscopy (TFB) of balloon-expandable metallic stent (BEMS) placement and subsequent forceps, laser and balloon dilatation management might be less invasive and helpful. This study aimed to analyse the placement, follow-up management with TFB and long-term outcomes in small infants with BEMS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This retrospective study reviewed the medical records and associated TFB videos of infants with a maximum body weight (BW) of 5.0\u2009kg who had TB BEMS placement from January 2005 to December 2017 at our institution. All TFB procedures were supported with a novel noninvasive ventilation, nasopharyngeal oxygen with intermittent nose closure and abdominal compression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Forty-one BEMSs were placed in 24 infants. The mean BW and mean age were 4.0 \u00b1 0.7\u2009kg and 4.9 \u00b1 2.4 months, respectively. There were 20, 8 and 13 stents located in trachea, carina and main-stem bronchi, respectively. Seven infants with 13 stents died without obvious stent-related mortality. Seven stents in five infants were successfully retrieved by rigid endoscopy (RE). At placement, the diameters of 28 tracheal and 21 bronchial stents were 7.5 \u00b1 1.1 (4-10) and 5.4 \u00b1 0.9 (4-8) mm, respectively. These implanted BEMSs could be gradually and significantly (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) expanded. At the end of the follow-up period, all the remaining 21 stents in 12 infants were functional. The diameters of the 14 remaining tracheal and 13 remaining bronchial stents were 9.6 \u00b1 2.0 (8-14) and 7.2 \u00b1 1.4 (4-10) mm, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>BEMSs are practical and effective in selected small infants with benign TB narrowing and can be safely implanted and managed with TFB, and finally retrieved by RE.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/jcma.0000000000000048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T11:52:11Z","timestamp":1553169131000},"page":"727-731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long-term management and outcomes of tracheobronchial stent by flexible bronchoscopy in infants &lt;5 kg: A 13-year single-center experience"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Kao-Hsian","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Ling","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jue","family":"Soong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Sheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chen","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, 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