{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:01:00Z","timestamp":1790704860664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/jcp.0b013e31822d0012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]],"date-time":"2011-10-04T16:04:12Z","timestamp":1317744252000},"page":"647-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Efficacy and Safety of Alprazolam Versus Other Benzodiazepines in the Treatment of Panic Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Moylan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Staples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Alison","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Rogerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan J.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2003.01254.x","article-title":"Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia.","volume":"37","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R4-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(87)90021-8","article-title":"Benzodiazepines in panic disorder and agoraphobia.","volume":"13","author":"Sheehan","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R5-17-20210128","first-page":"580","article-title":"Drug treatment of panic disorder: the comparative efficacy of imipramine, alprazolam and trazodone.","volume":"47","author":"Charney","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-17-20210128","first-page":"458","article-title":"Effect of alprazolam and diazepam on anxiety and panic attacks in panic disorder: a controlled study.","volume":"47","author":"Dunner","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R7-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800290037005","article-title":"Alprazolam in panic disorder and agoraphobia: results from a multicenter trial. II. Patient acceptance, side effects, and safety.","volume":"45","author":"Noyes","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R8-17-20210128","first-page":"167","article-title":"A comparison of alprazolam and imipramine in the treatment of agoraphobia and panic disorder.","volume":"22","author":"Rizley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"R9-17-20210128","first-page":"224","article-title":"Lorazepam vs. alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorder.","volume":"24","author":"Schweizer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"R10-17-20210128","first-page":"16","article-title":"Clonazepam versus alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorder: interim analysis of data from a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"48","author":"Tesar","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R11-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800290027004","article-title":"Alprazolam in panic disorder and agoraphobia: results from a multicenter trial: I. Efficacy in short-term treatment.","volume":"45","author":"Ballenger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R12-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800290021003","article-title":"Overview of the cross-national collaborative panic study.","volume":"45","author":"Klerman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.160.2.191","article-title":"Drug Treatment of panic disorder. Comparative efficacy of alprazolam, imipramine, and placebo. Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study, Second Phase Investigators.","volume":"160","author":"Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R14-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.4.487","article-title":"Long-term follow-up after a drug trial for panic disorder.","volume":"167","author":"Katschnig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R15-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2003.03.007","article-title":"A 15-year follow-up study of patients with panic disorder.","volume":"18","author":"Andersch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"R16-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12S","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199812001-00004","article-title":"Panic disorder: long-term pharmacotherapy and discontinuation.","volume":"18","author":"Rickels","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R17-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199308000-00005","article-title":"Long-term outcome after acute treatment with alprazolam or clonazepam for panic disorder.","volume":"13","author":"Pollack","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R18-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.3.303","article-title":"Discontinuation of alprazolam treatment in panic patients.","volume":"144","author":"Fyer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R19-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800290043006","article-title":"Alprazolam in panic disorder and agoraphobia: results from a multicenter trial. III. Discontinuation effects.","volume":"45","author":"Pecknold","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R20-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.4.517","article-title":"Controlled discontinuation of benzodiazepine treatment for patients with panic disorder.","volume":"148","author":"Noyes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R21-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(93)90025-W","article-title":"Discontinuation reactions to alprazolam in panic disorder.","volume":"27","author":"Pecknold","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"R22-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00129-0","article-title":"Chronic diazepam exposure decreases transcription of the rat GABA(A) receptor gamma2-subunit gene.","volume":"48","author":"Holt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"R23-17-20210128","first-page":"28","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use, abuse, and dependence.","volume":"66","author":"O'Brien","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R24-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(91)90044-Y","article-title":"Physical dependence on benzodiazepines: differences within the class.","volume":"29","author":"Wolf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R25-17-20210128","first-page":"7","article-title":"Issues in the clinical use of benzodiazepine: potency, withdrawal, and rebound.","volume":"65","author":"Chouinard","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R26-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390500246811","article-title":"Alprazolam abuse in Texas, 1998-2004.","volume":"69","author":"Forrester","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"R27-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02089.x","article-title":"Alprazolam is relatively more toxic than other benzodiazepines in overdose.","volume":"58","author":"Isbister","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R28-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1899","article-title":"Anxiolytic, hypnotic and sedative medication use in Australia.","volume":"19","author":"Hollingworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"R34-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780140406","article-title":"Random effects regression model for meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"DerSimonian, Laird","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"R36-17-20210128","first-page":"418","article-title":"Benzodiazepine treatment of panic disorder: a comparison of alprazolam and lorazepam.","volume":"50","author":"Charney","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R37-17-20210128","first-page":"196","article-title":"Etizolam: a new therapeutics possibility in the treatment of panic disorder.","volume":"6","author":"Meco","year":"1989","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"R38-17-20210128","first-page":"349","article-title":"Diazepam versus alprazolam for the treatment of panic disorder.","volume":"57","author":"Noyes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R39-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198902000-00004","article-title":"Double-blind comparison of alprazolam and adinazolam for panic and phobic disorders.","volume":"9","author":"Pyke","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R40-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1014489","article-title":"Lorazepam vs. alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorder.","volume":"23","author":"Schweizer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"R41-17-20210128","first-page":"69","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of clonazepam and alprazolam for panic disorder.","volume":"52","author":"Tesar","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R42-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199410000-00005","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study with alprazolam and extended-release alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorder.","volume":"14","author":"Pecknold","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R43-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(97)00118-2","article-title":"The use of the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale in a clinical trial.","volume":"77","author":"Bandelow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"R44-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.11.1571","article-title":"Multicenter collaborative panic disorder severity scale.","volume":"154","author":"Shear","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R45-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-984398","article-title":"Improvement of quality of life in panic disorder with escitalopram, citalopram, or placebo.","volume":"40","author":"Bandelow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"R46-17-20210128","first-page":"200","article-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy for treatment-refractory panic disorder.","volume":"55","author":"Pollack","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R49-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811030173009","article-title":"Combined paroxetine and clonazepam treatment strategies compared to paroxetine monotherapy for panic disorder.","volume":"17","author":"Pollack","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R50-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04485blu","article-title":"Next-step strategies for panic disoder refractory to initial pharmacotherapy: a 3-phase randomized clinical trial.","volume":"70","author":"Simon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R51-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(92)90034-G","article-title":"A meta-analysis of treatments for panic disorder with agoraphobia: impramine, alprazolam, and in vivo exposure.","volume":"23","author":"Cox","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"R52-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790140077009","article-title":"Diazepam and propranolol in panic disorder and agoraphobia.","volume":"41","author":"Noyes","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R53-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199506000-00004","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy of treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia. I. Methodological problems.","volume":"10","author":"Bandelow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R54-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v60n0907","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and gradual discontinuation of clonazepam in panic disorder: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study using optimized dosages.","volume":"60","author":"Moroz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R55-17-20210128","first-page":"169","article-title":"Pivotal studies in clonazepam in panic disorder.","volume":"34","author":"Davidson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"R56-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2010.00573.x","article-title":"Medications used in overdose and how they are acquired-an investigation of cases attending an inner Melbourne emergency department.","volume":"34","author":"Buukx","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"R58-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000069089","article-title":"Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of clonazepam following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration to healthy volunteers.","volume":"49","author":"Crevoisier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"R59-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198706000-00012","article-title":"The alprazolam to clonazepam switch for the treatment of panic disorder.","volume":"7","author":"Herman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R60-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181dcb2f3","article-title":"Tapering clonazepam in patients with panic disorder after at least 3 years of treatment.","volume":"30","author":"Nardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R61-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318209cf05","article-title":"Psychotropic drug prescribing in the United States.","volume":"31","author":"Greenblatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R62-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2190\/DE.37.4.e","article-title":"Alprazolam (Xanax) use among southern youth: beliefs and social norms concerning dangerous rides on \"handlebars\".","volume":"37","author":"Peters","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Drug Educ"},{"key":"R63-17-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/10398560902998626","article-title":"Alprazolam prescribing in Tasmania: a two-fold intervention designed to reduce inappropriate prescribing and concomitant opiate prescription.","volume":"17","author":"Hooper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Australas Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004714-201110000-00017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T20:27:43Z","timestamp":1786048063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004714-201110000-00017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jcp.0b013e31822d0012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-0749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-0749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}}}