{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:16:38Z","timestamp":1790626598701,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/jgp.0b013e318162f15f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,31]],"date-time":"2008-03-31T13:24:03Z","timestamp":1206969843000},"page":"300-309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Course of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults With Comorbid Major Depression and Dysthymia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Celia F.","family":"Hybels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl F.","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan G.","family":"Blazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Steffens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.4.438","article-title":"\u201cDouble depression\u201d: superimposition of acute depressive episodes on chronic depressive disorders","volume":"139","author":"Keller","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.6.689","article-title":"\u201cDouble depression\u201d: two-year follow-up","volume":"140","author":"Keller","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770300115013","article-title":"Research diagnostic criteria: rationale and reliability","volume":"35","author":"Spitzer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290110039007","article-title":"Research diagnostic criteria and DSM\u2013III: an annotated comparison","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00060-8","article-title":"Double depression: a distinctive subtype of unipolar depression","volume":"45","author":"Keller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.5.872","article-title":"Ten-year prospective follow-up study of the naturalistic course of dysthymic disorder and double depression","volume":"163","author":"Klein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00274-8","article-title":"Clinical features of dysthymia and age: a clinical investigation","volume":"103","author":"Bellino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.11.1592","article-title":"Is dysthymia a different disorder in the elderly?","volume":"151","author":"Devanand","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.11.1575","article-title":"Recovery and relapse from major depressive disorder in the elderly","volume":"149","author":"Hinrichsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.10.3.265","article-title":"Adverse life events in elderly patients with major depression or dysthymic disorder and in healthy control subjects","volume":"10","author":"Devanand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200401000-00003","article-title":"The course of depression in elderly patients","volume":"12","author":"Mueller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000230659.72417.a0","article-title":"Prevalence of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision common mental disorders in the elderly in a Brazilian community: The Bambui Health Ageing Study","volume":"15","author":"Costa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.7.605","article-title":"The natural history of late-life depression","volume":"59","author":"Beekman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00138-1","article-title":"Dysthymia in later life: a study in the community","volume":"81","author":"Beekman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000196630.57751.44","article-title":"Depressive symptom deterioration in a large primary care-based elderly cohort","volume":"14","author":"Katon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200508000-00011","article-title":"Predictors of partial remission in older patients treated for major depression: the role of comorbid dysthymia","volume":"13","author":"Hybels","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161028900013X","article-title":"The prognosis of depression in old age","volume":"1","author":"Kivela","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200008000-00002","article-title":"Personality disorders in elderly patients with dysthymic disorder","volume":"8","author":"Devanand","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.8.4.318","article-title":"The relationship of aging and dysthymia in primary care","volume":"8","author":"Oxman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830040039008","article-title":"Recovery in geriatric depression","volume":"53","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.142.2.111","article-title":"The prognosis of depression in old age","volume":"142","author":"Murphy","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.590","article-title":"Psychosocial and clinical predictors of unipolar depression outcome in older adults","volume":"17","author":"Bosworth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200209000-00008","article-title":"Time-to-remission from geriatric depression","volume":"10","author":"Bosworth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200305000-00011","article-title":"Partial response as a predictor of outcome in geriatric depression","volume":"11","author":"Steffens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200501000-00007","article-title":"Impact of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder on the course of late-life depression","volume":"13","author":"Steffens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib26","series-title":"DSM\u2013IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib27","first-page":"58","article-title":"The Duke Somatic Treatment Algorithm for Geriatric Depression (STAGED) approach","volume":"36","author":"Steffens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for clinicians","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199203000-00005","article-title":"Age and impaired subjective support: predictors of depressive symptoms at one-year follow-up","volume":"180","author":"Blazer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001","article-title":"National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: its history, characteristics, and validity","volume":"38","author":"Robins","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00922639","article-title":"Alternative models of the stress buffering hypothesis","volume":"17","author":"Landerman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib33","series-title":"Survival Analysis Using the SAS System","author":"Allison","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib34","series-title":"Statistical Analysis System, Version 9","author":"SAS Institute","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib35","series-title":"Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods","author":"Bryk","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib36","series-title":"ECDEU: Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. Revised (DHEW Publ No ADM 76-338)","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301131","article-title":"Report by the ACNP task force on response and remission in major depressive disorder","volume":"31","author":"Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.12.1620","article-title":"Severe episode of depression in late life: the long road to recovery","volume":"153","author":"Blazer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.06.011","article-title":"Double depression in adult psychiatric outpatients in Brazil: distinct from major depression?","volume":"144","author":"Holm-Denoma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318162f15f_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.10.1226","article-title":"Double depression and episodic major depression: demographic, clinical, familial, personality, and socioenvironmental characteristics and short-term outcome","volume":"145","author":"Klein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1064748112605946?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1064748112605946?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,30]],"date-time":"2018-12-30T17:00:50Z","timestamp":1546189250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1064748112605946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1064748112605946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jgp.0b013e318162f15f","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-7481"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-7481","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}}}