{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:08:04Z","timestamp":1786118884091,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/jom.0b013e318162f5ad","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,6]],"date-time":"2008-05-06T03:26:36Z","timestamp":1210044396000},"page":"593-601","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Health-Related Factors Associated With the Healthcare Costs of Office Workers"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Gary B.","family":"Wilkerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas F.","family":"Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory W.","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000174303.85442.bf","article-title":"A review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite: Update VI. 2000\u20132004.","volume":"47","author":"Pelletier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R4-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000095002.12772.6a","article-title":"The relationship between health promotion program participation and medical costs: a dose response.","volume":"45","author":"Serxner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R5-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199810000-00003","article-title":"The relationship between modifiable health risks and health care expenditures.","volume":"40","author":"Goetzel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R6-11-20210209","first-page":"75","article-title":"Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality.","year":"2003"},{"key":"R7-11-20210209","first-page":"145","article-title":"SPM Handbook of Health Assessment Tools.","author":"Peterson","year":"1999"},{"key":"R8-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-5-200503010-00007","article-title":"for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.","volume":"142","author":"Herman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R9-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512","article-title":"for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.","volume":"346","author":"Knowler","year":"2002","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"R10-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-8-200504190-00009","article-title":"for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial.","volume":"142","author":"Orchard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R11-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.4.537","article-title":"Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study.","volume":"20","author":"Pan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R12-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441801","article-title":"for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.","volume":"344","author":"Tuomilehto","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"R13-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S472","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00017","article-title":"Physical activity and cardiovascular disease: evidence for a dose response.","volume":"33","author":"Kohl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R14-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000180883.32116.28","article-title":"Inverse association between physical inactivity and mental health in men and women.","volume":"38","author":"Galper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R15-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000126778.77049.76","article-title":"Associations between physical activity dose and health-related quality of life.","volume":"36","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R16-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.3.2.148","article-title":"The economic cost of physical inactivity and excess weight in American adults.","volume":"3","author":"Chenoweth","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Phys Activ Health"},{"key":"R17-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2000.10.1237","article-title":"Higher direct medical costs associated with physical inactivity.","volume":"28","author":"Pratt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physician Sportsmed"},{"key":"R18-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.23.2235","article-title":"Relationship between modifiable health risks and short-term health care charges.","volume":"282","author":"Pronk","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R19-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199911000-00007","article-title":"Obesity, fitness, willingness to communicate, and health care costs.","volume":"31","author":"Pronk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R20-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000105910.69449.b7","article-title":"The association between work performance and physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and obesity.","volume":"46","author":"Pronk","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R21-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000126022.25149.bf","article-title":"Relationship of body mass index and physical activity to health care costs among employees.","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R22-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199910000-00007","article-title":"The role of health risk factors and disease on worker productivity.","volume":"41","author":"Burton","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R23-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000062551.76504.A9","article-title":"The relationship of employee-reported work limitations to work productivity.","volume":"41","author":"Lerner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"R24-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000052952.59271.a8","article-title":"Quantifiable impact of the Contract for Health and Wellness: health behaviors, health care costs, disability, and workers' compensation.","volume":"45","author":"Stave","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R25-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200106000-00005","article-title":"The association of health risks with workers' compensation costs.","volume":"43","author":"Musich","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R26-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200212000-00006","article-title":"Association of health risks with the cost of time away from work.","volume":"44","author":"Wright","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R27-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000099999.27348.78","article-title":"Lost productive work time costs from health conditions in the United States: results from the American Productivity Audit.","volume":"45","author":"Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R28-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.10.1238","article-title":"Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000.","volume":"291","author":"Mokdad","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R29-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1523","article-title":"The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity.","volume":"282","author":"Must","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R30-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.1549","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999\u20132004.","volume":"295","author":"Ogden","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R31-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199809000-00007","article-title":"The economic costs associated with body mass index in a workplace.","volume":"40","author":"Burton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R32-11-20210209","first-page":"219","article-title":"National medical spending attributable to overweight and obesity: how much, and who's paying?","volume":"10","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"R33-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000201568.73562.a2","article-title":"The cost of lifestyle health risks: obesity.","volume":"48","author":"Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R34-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000225045.77734.f4","article-title":"Association of healthcare costs with per unit body mass index increase.","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R35-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.3.356","article-title":"Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","volume":"287","author":"Ford","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R37-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2003.08.005","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome: an emerging health epidemic in women.","volume":"46","author":"Steinbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"R38-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199806000-00006","article-title":"Differences between descriptive and multivariate estimates of the impact of Chevron Corporation's Health Quest program on medical expenditures.","volume":"40","author":"Goetzel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R39-11-20210209","first-page":"428","article-title":"Prediction of prospective medical claims and absenteeism costs for 1284 hourly workers from a manufacturing company.","volume":"34","author":"Yen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"R40-11-20210209","first-page":"IIA51","article-title":"SPM Handbook of Health Assessment Tools.","year":"1999"},{"key":"R41-11-20210209","first-page":"9","article-title":"SPM Handbook of Health Assessment Tools.","author":"Ware","year":"1999"},{"key":"R42-11-20210209","article-title":"SF-36\u00ae Health Survey: Manual & Interpretation Guide.","author":"Ware","year":"2000"},{"key":"R43-11-20210209","article-title":"How to Score Version 2 of the SF-36\u00ae Health Survey.","author":"Ware","year":"2002"},{"key":"R44-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population.","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"R45-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/109019817800600107","article-title":"Development of the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scales.","volume":"6","author":"Wallston","year":"1978","journal-title":"Health Educ Monogr"},{"key":"R46-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.5.2.219","article-title":"Using the Job-related Affective Well-Being Scale (JAWS) to investigate affective responses to work stressors.","volume":"5","author":"Van Katwyk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"R47-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.3.4.356","article-title":"Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: interpersonal conflict at work scale, organizational constraints scale, quantitative workload inventory, and physical symptoms inventory.","volume":"3","author":"Spector","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"R48-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1177\/109019819402100412","article-title":"Stages of change in adopting healthy diets: fat, fiber, and correlates of nutrient intake.","volume":"21","author":"Glanz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Health Educ Q"},{"key":"R49-11-20210209","first-page":"83","article-title":"The stages of exercise behavior.","volume":"33","author":"Marcus","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"R50-11-20210209","first-page":"38","article-title":"Advanced and Multivariate Statistical Methods.","author":"Mertler","year":"2002"},{"key":"R51-11-20210209","first-page":"110","article-title":"Statistical Methods for Health Care Research.","author":"Munro","year":"2005"},{"key":"R53-11-20210209","first-page":"261","article-title":"Demanding Medical Excellence.","author":"Millenson","year":"1997"},{"key":"R54-11-20210209","first-page":"505","article-title":"Corporate medical claims cost distributions and factors associated with high-cost status.","volume":"36","author":"Yen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"R55-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1996.10607943","article-title":"How much physical activity should we do? The case for moderate amounts and intensities of physical activity.","volume":"67","author":"Blair","year":"1996","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"R56-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520290054029","article-title":"Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine.","volume":"273","author":"Pate","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R57-11-20210209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000171054.57677.4c","article-title":"The burden of pain on employee health and productivity at a major provider of business services.","volume":"47","author":"Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318162f5ad","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:01:02Z","timestamp":1786035662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00043764-200805000-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jom.0b013e318162f5ad","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-2752","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}