{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:25:09Z","timestamp":1791087909812,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/jsm.0b013e318190bddb","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,5]],"date-time":"2009-01-05T03:12:41Z","timestamp":1231125161000},"page":"3-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":317,"title":["The Relationship of Hamstrings and Quadriceps Strength to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Gregory D","family":"Myer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin R","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim D","family":"Barber Foss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd G","family":"Nick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy E","family":"Hewett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300611","article-title":"Knee injury patterns among men and women in collegiate basketball and soccer. NCAA data and review of literature.","volume":"23","author":"Arendt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R2-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591","article-title":"Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study.","volume":"33","author":"Hewett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R3-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507313572","article-title":"The effects of generalized joint laxity on risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in young female athletes.","volume":"36","author":"Myer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R4-2-20210128","first-page":"519","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament strain in-vivo: a review of previous work. J Biomech.","volume":"31","author":"Beynnon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Jun"},{"key":"R5-2-20210128","first-page":"395","article-title":"The importance of quadriceps and hamstring muscle loading on knee kinematics and in-situ forces in the ACL. J Biomech.","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Apr"},{"key":"R6-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860050-00014","article-title":"In vivo knee stability: a quantitative assessment using an instrumented clinical testing apparatus.","volume":"60A","author":"Markolf","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"R7-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200107000-00014","article-title":"External loading of the knee joint during running and cutting maneuvers.","volume":"33","author":"Besier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R8-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.044883","article-title":"The effects of age and skill level on knee musculature co-contraction during functional activities: a systematic review.","volume":"42","author":"Ford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"R9-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400114","article-title":"Strain within the anterior cruciate ligament during hamstring and quadriceps activity.","volume":"14","author":"Renstrom","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R10-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01352","article-title":"Effect of varying hamstring tension on anterior cruciate ligament strain during in vitro impulsive knee flexion and compression loading.","volume":"90","author":"Withrow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R11-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.04.009","article-title":"Hamstrings to quadriceps peak torque ratios diverge between sexes with increasing isokinetic angular velocity.","volume":"11","author":"Hewett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"R12-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508317963","article-title":"Significant effect of gender on hamstring-to-quadriceps strength ratio and static balance in prepubescent children from 7 to 12 years of age.","volume":"36","author":"Holm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R13-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400611","article-title":"Plyometric training in female athletes. Decreased impact forces and increased hamstring torques.","volume":"24","author":"Hewett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R14-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(01)00019-5","article-title":"A comparison of knee joint motion patterns between men and women in selected athletic tasks.","volume":"16","author":"Malinzak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"R15-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S80","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000321794.25134.e4","article-title":"Effect of drop height on lower extremity biomechanical measures in female athletes.","volume":"40","author":"Ford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medicine Science in Sports Exercise"},{"key":"R16-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900113","article-title":"Preseason strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes.","volume":"19","author":"Knapik","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R17-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670100228","article-title":"Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one out-door season.","volume":"9","author":"Soderman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"R18-2-20210128","first-page":"352","article-title":"Rationale and clinical techniques for anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention among female athletes.","volume":"39","author":"Myer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"R19-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.05.005","article-title":"The effects of gender and pubertal status on generalized joint laxity in young athletes.","volume":"11","author":"Quatman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"R20-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505281916","article-title":"Maturation leads to gender differences in landing force and vertical jump performance: a longitudinal study.","volume":"34","author":"Quatman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R21-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200408000-00001","article-title":"Decrease in neuromuscular control about the knee with maturation in female athletes.","volume":"86-A","author":"Hewett","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R22-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1300\/J006v20n01_03","article-title":"Motor skills of typically developing adolescents: awkwardness or improvement?","volume":"20","author":"Davies","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr"},{"key":"R24-2-20210128","first-page":"431","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a medicine ball explosive power test.","volume":"15","author":"Stockbrugger","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R25-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1993.18.5.609","article-title":"Intramachine and intermachine reliability for selected dynamic muscle performance tests.","volume":"18","author":"Bandy","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"R27-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505280426","article-title":"Effect of gender and maturity on quadriceps-to-hamstring strength ratio and anterior cruciate ligament laxity.","volume":"34","author":"Ahmad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R28-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200411000-00005","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament injury in pediatric and adolescent soccer players: an analysis of insurance data.","volume":"24","author":"Shea","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"R29-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20459","article-title":"Predictors of proximal tibia anterior shear force during a vertical stop-jump.","volume":"25","author":"Sell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R30-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505280906","article-title":"The relationship between quadriceps muscle force, knee flexion, and anterior cruciate ligament strain in an in vitro simulated jump landing.","volume":"34","author":"Withrow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R31-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100170605","article-title":"Hamstrings cocontraction reduces internal rotation, anterior translation, and anterior cruciate ligament load in weight-bearing flexion.","volume":"17","author":"MacWilliams","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R32-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00095-1","article-title":"Strategies of muscular support of varus and valgus isometric loads at the human knee.","volume":"34","author":"Lloyd","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"R33-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400405","article-title":"Neuromuscular performance characteristics in elite female athletes.","volume":"24","author":"Huston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R37-2-20210128","first-page":"37","article-title":"Neuromuscular response characteristics in men and women after knee perturbation in a single-leg, weight-bearing stance.","volume":"36","author":"Shultz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"R38-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300021901","article-title":"A comparison of knee kinetics between male and female recreational athletes in stop-jump tasks.","volume":"30","author":"Chappell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R39-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503261724","article-title":"Injury mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in team handball: a systematic video analysis.","volume":"32","author":"Olsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R40-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20000601-15","article-title":"Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury.","volume":"23","author":"Boden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"R41-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200101000-00005","article-title":"The effect of upper-limb motion on lower-limb muscle synchrony. Implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury.","volume":"83-A","author":"Cowling","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R42-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503258928","article-title":"Aggressive quadriceps loading can induce noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury.","volume":"32","author":"DeMorat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R43-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270060301","article-title":"The effect of neuromuscular training on the incidence of knee injury in female athletes. A prospective study.","volume":"27","author":"Hewett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R44-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000053703.65057.31","article-title":"EMG power spectra of intercollegiate athletes and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in females.","volume":"35","author":"White","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R45-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505281241","article-title":"The effects of plyometric versus dynamic stabilization and balance training on lower extremity biomechanics.","volume":"34","author":"Myer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R46-2-20210128","first-page":"345","article-title":"The effects of plyometric versus dynamic balance training on power, balance and landing force in female athletes.","volume":"20","author":"Myer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R47-2-20210128","first-page":"51","article-title":"Neuromuscular training improves performance and lower-extremity biomechanics in female athletes.","volume":"19","author":"Myer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R48-2-20210128","first-page":"A24","article-title":"Strenght training for 6-weeks does not significanlty alter landing mechanics of female collegiate basketball athletes.","volume":"37","author":"Mcginn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"R49-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507311602","article-title":"The effects of strength training on the lower extremity biomechanics of female recreational athletes during a stop-jump task.","volume":"36","author":"Herman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R50-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400611","article-title":"Plyometric training in female athletes. Decreased impact forces and increased hamstring torques.","volume":"24","author":"Hewett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R51-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100080107","article-title":"An in vitro study of anterior cruciate ligament strain induced by quadriceps and hamstrings forces.","volume":"8","author":"Draganich","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R52-2-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506293899","article-title":"Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: video analysis of 39 cases.","volume":"35","author":"Krosshaug","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00042752-200901000-00002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:29:56Z","timestamp":1786037396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00042752-200901000-00002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jsm.0b013e318190bddb","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-642X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-642X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}