{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:19:30Z","timestamp":1786119570001,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/jsm.0b013e318205a658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,30]],"date-time":"2010-12-30T05:38:09Z","timestamp":1293687489000},"page":"31-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Platelet-Enriched Plasma and Muscle Strain Injuries: Challenges Imposed by the Burden of Proof"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Bruce H","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290030801","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for muscle strains in Australian football.","volume":"29","author":"Orchard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R2-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500116","article-title":"Preseason hamstring muscle weakness associated with hamstring muscle injury in Australian footballers.","volume":"25","author":"Orchard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R3-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200003000-00010","article-title":"Muscle strain injuries.","volume":"12","author":"Jarvinen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"R4-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509358381","article-title":"Intrinsic risk factors for hamstring injuries among male soccer players. A prospective cohort study.","volume":"38","author":"Engebretsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R5-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.046722","article-title":"The early management of muscle strains in the elite athlete: best practice in a world with a limited evidence basis.","volume":"42","author":"Orchard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"R7-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200939050-00002","article-title":"Platelet-rich therapies in the treatment of orthopaedic sport injuries.","volume":"39","author":"Sanchez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"R8-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1177\/096368979800700609","article-title":"Development of approaches to improve the healing following muscle contusion.","volume":"7","author":"Kasemkijwattana","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"R9-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200001000-00028","article-title":"Use of growth factors to improve muscle healing after strain injury.","volume":"370","author":"Kasemkijwattana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R10-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B1.0820131","article-title":"Growth factors improve muscle healing in vivo.","volume":"82","author":"Menetrey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"R11-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509349921","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma. From basic science to clinical applications.","volume":"37","author":"Foster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R12-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.067108","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma: any substance into it?","volume":"44","author":"M-Dan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"R13-7-20210128","first-page":"A1","article-title":"A Promising Treatment for Athletes, in Blood. New York Times.","volume":"2009","author":"Schwarz","year":"16","journal-title":"February"},{"key":"R15-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.067280","article-title":"Funky treatments in elite sports people: do they just buy rehabilitation time?","volume":"44","author":"Cook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"R16-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2007.10.010","article-title":"Delivering growth factors for therapeutics.","volume":"29","author":"Anitua","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R17-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.06.037","article-title":"The potential impact of the preparation rich in growth factors (PRGF) in different medical fields.","volume":"28","author":"Anitua","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"R18-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3148.2006.00708.x","article-title":"Differences in platelet growth factor release and leucocyte kinetics during autologous platelet gel formation.","volume":"16","author":"Everts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transfus Med"},{"key":"R19-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821304","article-title":"Treatment of muscle injuries by local administration of autologous conditioned serum: a pilot study on sportsmen with muscle strains.","volume":"25","author":"Wright-Carpenter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"R21-7-20210128","first-page":"733","article-title":"Plasma rich in growth factors to treat adductor longus tear.","volume":"38","author":"Loo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med"},{"key":"R22-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821303","article-title":"Treatment of muscle injuries by local administration of autologous conditioned serum: animal experiments using a muscle contusion model.","volume":"25","author":"Wright-Carpenter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"R24-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508330974","article-title":"Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma to treat muscle strain injuries.","volume":"37","author":"Hammond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R25-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00019.2003","article-title":"Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration.","volume":"84","author":"Charge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"R26-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0506","article-title":"Platelets and tissue remodeling: extending the role of the blood clotting system.","volume":"148","author":"Nurden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R27-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1089\/10799900260286623","article-title":"Role of blood platelets in infection and inflammation.","volume":"22","author":"Klinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"R28-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/09537100120068170","article-title":"The platelet release reaction: granulesconstituents, secretion and functions.","volume":"12","author":"Rendu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"R29-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2009.04.001","article-title":"Platelet alpha-granules: basic biology and clinical correlates.","volume":"23","author":"Blair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"R30-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03387.x","article-title":"Selective sorting of alpha-granule proteins.","volume":"7","author":"Italiano","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"R31-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613772","article-title":"Platelets release their lysosomal content in vivo in humans upon activation.","volume":"83","author":"Ciferri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"R32-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.2002.10510.x","article-title":"Fibroblast proliferation due to exposure to a platelet concentrate in vitro is pH dependent.","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"R33-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.11.3791","article-title":"Activated platelets release two types of membrane vesicles: microvesicles by surface shedding and exosomes derived from exocytosis of multivesicular bodies and alpha-granules.","volume":"94","author":"Heijnen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R34-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1392","article-title":"The actin cytoskeleton differentially regulates platelet alpha-granule and dense-granule secretion.","volume":"105","author":"Flaumenhaft","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R35-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-916671","article-title":"Platelets: physiology and biochemistry.","volume":"31","author":"Junk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sem Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"R36-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19421","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308864200","article-title":"Mechanism of collagen activation in human platelets.","volume":"279","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R37-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2007.06.635","article-title":"Activation of platelet-rich plasma using soluble type I collagen.","volume":"66","author":"Fufa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R38-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28092","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011352200","article-title":"A novel viper venom metalloproteinase, alborhagin, is an agonist at the platelet collagen receptor GPVI.","volume":"276","author":"Andrews","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R39-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/0953710031000092785","article-title":"Apparent heterogeneous responsiveness of human platelet rich plasma to catecholamines.","volume":"14","author":"Pyo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"R40-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.4.646","article-title":"Shear-induced platelet activation and platelet microparticle formation at blood flow conditions as in arteries with a severe stenosis.","volume":"17","author":"Holme","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R41-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.08.019","article-title":"Identification of low-density platelet populations with increased reactivity and elevated alpha-granule content.","volume":"111","author":"Milovanovic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"R42-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-09-113837","article-title":"Angiogenesis is regulated by a novel mechanism: pro- and antiangiogenic proteins are organized into separate platelet alpha granules and differentially released.","volume":"111","author":"Italiano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R43-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2006.00991.x","article-title":"Growth factors and cytokines in autologous platelet concentrate and their correlation to periodontal regeneration outcomes.","volume":"33","author":"Christgau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Periodonotol"},{"key":"R44-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400507","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasmas: growth factor contents and roles in wound healing.","volume":"84","author":"Frechette","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R45-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(98)90029-4","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma. Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts.","volume":"85","author":"Marx","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R46-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.12.010","article-title":"Effect of platelet concentration in platelet-rich plasma on peri-implant bone regeneration.","volume":"34","author":"Weibrich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"R47-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.11.009","article-title":"Classification of platelet concentrates: from pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF).","volume":"27","author":"Ehrenfest","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"R48-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/00008505-200110000-00002","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): what is PRP and what is not PRP?","volume":"10","author":"Marx","year":"2001","journal-title":"Implant Dent"},{"key":"R49-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2003.12.003","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma: evidence to support its use.","volume":"62","author":"Marx","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Res"},{"key":"R50-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2006.02.010","article-title":"New insights into and novel applications for platelet-rich fibrin therapies.","volume":"24","author":"Anitua","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"R51-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.11.015","article-title":"The use of platelet-rich plasma in arthroscopy and sports medicine: optimizing the healing environment.","volume":"26","author":"Lopez-Vidriero","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Arthroscopy Rel Surg"},{"key":"R52-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190600821327","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma preparation using three devices: Implications for platelet activation and platelet growth factor release.","volume":"24","author":"Everts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"R53-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190290031950","article-title":"Quantification of thrombocyte growth factors in platelet concentrates produced by discontinuous cell separation.","volume":"20","author":"Weibrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"R54-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1054\/jcms.2002.0285","article-title":"Growth factor levels in platelet-rich plasma and correlations with donor age, sex, and platelet count.","volume":"30","author":"Weibrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R55-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2003.00810.x","article-title":"Comparison of platelet, leukocyte, and growth factor levels in point-of-care platelet-enriched plasma, prepared using a modified Curasan kit, with preparations received from a local blood bank.","volume":"14","author":"Weibrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"R56-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000138251.07040.51","article-title":"Platelet quantification and growth factor analysis from platelet-rich plasma: implications for wound healing.","volume":"114","author":"Eppley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R57-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0042-9007.2003.00361.x","article-title":"Sample preparation technique and white cell content influence the detectable levels of growth factors in platelet concentrates.","volume":"85","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"R58-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2003.140215.x","article-title":"The Harvest Smart PRePTM system versus the Friadent-Schutze platelet-rich plasma kit. Comparison of a semiautomatic method with a more complex method for the preparation of platelet concentrates.","volume":"14","author":"Weibrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"R59-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2002.130413.x","article-title":"Curasan PRP kit vs. PCCS PRP system. Collection efficiency and platelet counts of two different methods for the preparation of platelet-rich plasma.","volume":"13","author":"Weibrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"R60-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2001.41101217.x","article-title":"Different preparation methods to obtain platelet components as a source of growth factors for local application.","volume":"41","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R61-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20519","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of platelet-leukocyte gel against Staphylococcus aureus.","volume":"26","author":"Moojen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R62-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B3.18491","article-title":"Antibacterial effect of autologous platelet gel enriched with growth factors and other active substances. An in vitro study.","volume":"89-B","author":"Bielecki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R63-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.4.284","article-title":"The inflammatory response: friend or enemy for muscle injury?","volume":"37","author":"Toumi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"R64-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903875106","article-title":"Functional muscle regeneration with combined delivery of angiogenesis and myogenesis factors.","volume":"107","author":"Borselli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"R65-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2005.12.003","article-title":"The gray platelet syndrome: clinical spectrum of the disease.","volume":"21","author":"Nurden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"R66-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2001-2-3-reviews3005","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factors.","volume":"2","author":"Ornitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"R67-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302817","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of IGF-1 gene transfer and IGF-1 protein administration for enhancing skeletal muscle regeneration after injury.","volume":"13","author":"Schertzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"R68-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2007.01385.x","article-title":"Activation of human platelet-rich plasmas: effect on growth factors release, cell division and in vivo bone formation.","volume":"18","author":"Roussy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"R69-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260041401","article-title":"The effects of platelet-derived growth factor-B on healing of the rabbit medial collateral ligament. An in vivo study.","volume":"26","author":"Hildebrand","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R70-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000205875.97468.e4","article-title":"Supplementation-time dependence of growth factors in promoting tendon healing.","volume":"448","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R71-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200205000-00022","article-title":"Muscle injuries and repair: current trends in research.","volume":"84-A","author":"Huard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"R72-7-20210128","first-page":"19","article-title":"Growth factor expression in healing rabbit medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments.","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"R73-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018879","article-title":"Type of acute hamstring strain affects flexibility, strength, and time to return to pre-injury level.","volume":"40","author":"Askling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"R74-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610013033","article-title":"How can one platelet injection after tendon injury lead to a stronger tendon after 4 weeks? Interplay between early regeneration and mechanical stimulation.","volume":"77","author":"Virchenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"R75-7-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(98)90286-5","article-title":"Risks of using platelet rich plasma gel.","volume":"46","author":"Landesberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318205a658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:52:50Z","timestamp":1786042370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00042752-201101000-00007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jsm.0b013e318205a658","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-642X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-642X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}}}