{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:16:56Z","timestamp":1790054216289,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,2]],"date-time":"2015-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1888,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Thoracic Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/jto.0b013e3181f209ca","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,21]],"date-time":"2010-09-21T07:29:35Z","timestamp":1285054175000},"page":"S296-S303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"special_numbering":"S4","title":["Imaging Thymoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Edith M.","family":"Marom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2893","article-title":"Tumors of the mediastinum","volume":"128","author":"Duwe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i20.3165","article-title":"Retrotracheal thymoma masquerading as esophageal submucosal tumor","volume":"11","author":"Ko","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.08.011","article-title":"Malignant invasive thymoma in the posterior mediastinum","volume":"87","author":"Orki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-197906000-00006","article-title":"Thymoma. A clinicopathologic study of 54 cases","volume":"3","author":"Gray","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70265-9","article-title":"Prognostic factors and long-term results after thymoma resection: a series of 307 patients","volume":"112","author":"Regnard","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00669-C","article-title":"Thymoma: a multivariate analysis of factors predicting survival","volume":"60","author":"Blumberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10665","article-title":"New WHO histologic classification predicts prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 200 thymoma cases from China","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2004.10.001","article-title":"Imaging findings of expansile lesions of the thymus","volume":"34","author":"Restrepo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.12.1.1734461","article-title":"Thymoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"12","author":"Rosado-de-Christenson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2008.03.010","article-title":"Clinical management of thymoma patients","volume":"22","author":"Casey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2008.03.001","article-title":"Histologic classification of thymoma: the World Health Organization and beyond","volume":"22","author":"Suster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811201)48:11<2485::AID-CNCR2820481123>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages","volume":"48","author":"Masaoka","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200105000-00010","article-title":"Invasive and noninvasive thymoma: distinctive CT features","volume":"25","author":"Tomiyama","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02698040","article-title":"Thymic epithelial neoplasia: a study of 58 cases","volume":"24","author":"Elkiran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1495::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Thymoma: prognostic factors and treatment outcomes","volume":"83","author":"Gripp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00798-0","article-title":"Thymoma: a clinicopathologic study based on the new World Health Organization classification","volume":"126","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.07.026","article-title":"Predictors of recurrence in thymic tumors: importance of invasion, World Health Organization histology, and size","volume":"130","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00514-3","article-title":"Stage III thymoma: pattern of failure after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy and its implication for future study","volume":"46","author":"Myojin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31818e105c","article-title":"Thymoma: a focus on current therapeutic management","volume":"4","author":"Girard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181a4b8e0","article-title":"The management of thymoma: a systematic review and practice guideline","volume":"4","author":"Falkson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34092-9","article-title":"Chemotherapy and operation for invasive thymoma","volume":"106","author":"Rea","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01020-8","article-title":"Long-term outcome after multimodality treatment for stage III thymic tumors","volume":"76","author":"Venuta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00629-2","article-title":"Multimodality treatment of thymoma: a prospective study","volume":"64","author":"Venuta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e31815896df","article-title":"Computed tomographic findings and prognosis in thymic epithelial tumor patients","volume":"32","author":"Yakushiji","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.2.1830283","article-title":"Does CT of thymic epithelial tumors enable us to differentiate histologic subtypes and predict prognosis?","volume":"183","author":"Jeong","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.05.003","article-title":"Thymic epithelial tumors: comparison of CT and MR imaging findings of low-risk thymomas, high-risk thymomas, and thymic carcinomas","volume":"60","author":"Sadohara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.4.1790881","article-title":"Using the World Health Organization Classification of thymic epithelial neoplasms to describe CT findings","volume":"179","author":"Tomiyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200212000-00008","article-title":"Correlation of the WHO schema for the classification of thymic epithelial neoplasms with prognosis: a retrospective study of 90 tumors","volume":"26","author":"Chalabreysse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10255","article-title":"Histologic classification of thymic epithelial tumors: comparison of established classification schemes","volume":"98","author":"Rieker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2004.12.003","article-title":"Imaging of thymoma","volume":"17","author":"Maher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.4.1546586","article-title":"MR imaging of thymoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"158","author":"Sakai","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0455.2002.430306.x","article-title":"Differential diagnosis between thymoma and non-thymoma by dynamic MR imaging","volume":"43","author":"Sakai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199907000-00002","article-title":"Tumors of the thymus","volume":"14","author":"Strollo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2433060797","article-title":"Thymic hyperplasia and thymus gland tumors: differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging","volume":"243","author":"Inaoka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.180.5.1801265","article-title":"Characterization of the normal and hyperplastic thymus on chemical-shift MR imaging","volume":"180","author":"Takahashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2211001047","article-title":"Thymic lesions in patients with myasthenia gravis: characterization with thallium 201 scintigraphy","volume":"221","author":"Higuchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib37","first-page":"634","article-title":"In vivo detection of malignant thymic masses by indium-111-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide scintigraphy","volume":"39","author":"Lastoria","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib38","first-page":"1595","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of thymic tumors using a combination of 11C-methionine PET and FDG PET","volume":"40","author":"Sasaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.02.047","article-title":"Octreotide alone or with prednisone in patients with advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II Trial","volume":"22","author":"Loehrer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.01.003","article-title":"Utility of 18FDG-PET for differentiating the grade of malignancy in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"61","author":"Endo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib41","first-page":"1628","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT of thymic epithelial tumors: usefulness for distinguishing and staging tumor subgroups","volume":"47","author":"Sung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-009-0283-z","article-title":"Characterization of thymic masses using (18)F-FDG PET-CT","volume":"23","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24278","article-title":"18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C-acetate positron emission tomography are useful modalities for diagnosing the histologic type of thymoma","volume":"115","author":"Shibata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.058586","article-title":"Physiologic thymic uptake of 18F-FDG in children and young adults: a PET\/CT evaluation of incidence, patterns, and relationship to treatment","volume":"50","author":"Jerushalmi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)00405-6","article-title":"Reconstruction of the aortic arch in invasive thymoma under retrograde cerebral perfusion","volume":"66","author":"Fujino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)01175-2","article-title":"Results of re-resection for recurrent thymomas","volume":"64","author":"Regnard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.10.113","article-title":"Tumor recurrence and survival in patients treated for thymomas and thymic squamous cell carcinomas: a retrospective analysis","volume":"22","author":"Strobel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f209ca_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181c59224","article-title":"International thymic malignancy interest group","volume":"5","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Thoracic Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556086415326204?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556086415326204?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T20:39:25Z","timestamp":1591907965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1556086415326204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1556086415326204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jto.0b013e3181f209ca","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-0864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-0864","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}}}