{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:48:04Z","timestamp":1782460084306,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Rituximab (RTX) is an effective treatment for pemphigus; however, the drug labeling recommends not to use RTX within 1 year before conception.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To report pregnancy outcomes of patients with pemphigus who were treated with RTX before or during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We identified 19 pregnancies with RTX exposure before or during pregnancy. All had previously been advised not to get pregnant within 1 year of RTX administration. The cases were categorized into 3 groups of exposure of within 6 months (group A), between 6 and 12 months (group B), and longer than 12 months of conception (group C). The pregnancy outcomes of different RTX exposure intervals were compared.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Group A included 9 pregnancies, of which 3 had received RTX accidentally after conception. Group B and C included 4 and 6 pregnancies, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding pregnancy outcomes. Overall, there were 17 live births, 1 spontaneous abortion, and 1 termination. Of the live births, 3 preterm deliveries and 4 low-birth-weight neonates were noted. Moreover, 1 neonate was hospitalized due to early-onset neonatal sepsis, and 1 had hydronephrosis. Disease flare-up occurred in 5 patients during pregnancy (4 minor and 1 major relapses) and in 5 patients after delivery (3 minor and 2 major relapses).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Except for 1 case of neonatal sepsis which survived following medical treatment, no serious relevant adverse pregnancy outcome that could be attributed to RTX exposure before and during early pregnancy in women with pemphigus was detected. Nevertheless, RTX should not be administered within 1 year before planned pregnancy, as not enough data is available yet.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/jw9.0000000000000038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T22:00:09Z","timestamp":1657663209000},"page":"e038","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pregnancy outcomes in women with pemphigus exposed to rituximab before or during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Azin","family":"Dehghanimahmoudabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nika","family":"Kianfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Akhdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayan","family":"Dasdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Balighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Daneshpazhooh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20231102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.02.021","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pemphigus: recommendations of an international panel of experts.","volume":"82","author":"Murrell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad 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patients.","volume":"28","author":"Lake","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"R6-20231102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E552","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120552","article-title":"Fetal toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs in pregnancy.","volume":"7","author":"Ponticelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R7-20231102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.11.005","article-title":"Sixteen-year history of rituximab therapy for 1085 pemphigus vulgaris patients: a systematic review.","volume":"54","author":"Tavakolpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"R8-20231102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-295444","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes after maternal exposure to 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Germany.","volume":"8","author":"K\u00fcmpfel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"R12-20231102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e723","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000723","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody treatment during pregnancy and\/or lactation in women with MS or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.","volume":"7","author":"Ciplea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"R13-20231102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rkaa074","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkaa074","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes following maternal treatment with rituximab prior to or during pregnancy: a case series.","volume":"5","author":"Perrotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"key":"R14-20231102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e453","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000453","article-title":"Rituximab before and during pregnancy: a systematic review, and a case series in MS and 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