{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:07:16Z","timestamp":1786118836325,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/lgt.0b013e318033dfed","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,4]],"date-time":"2007-10-04T03:01:15Z","timestamp":1191466875000},"page":"240-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Analysis of Standard Methods for Diagnosing Vaginitis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Beverly E.","family":"Sha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan H.","family":"Gawel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Hershow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Passaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Augenbraun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa M.","family":"Darragh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Stek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth T.","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine Cashin","family":"MPH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Moxley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Heather","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712253372607","article-title":"Vaginitis.","volume":"337","author":"Sobel","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.5.378","article-title":"Update of trichomoniasis.","volume":"78","author":"Schwebke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R3-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1086\/313434","article-title":"The HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group. Prevalence of lower genital tract infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women.","volume":"29","author":"Cu-Uvin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R4-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199903000-00004","article-title":"The WIHS Collaborative Study Group, U.S.A. Lower genital tract infections among HIV-infected and high-risk uninfected women.","volume":"26","author":"Greenblatt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R5-3-20210126","first-page":"656","article-title":"The HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) Group. Longitudinal analysis of bacterial vaginosis: Findings from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study.","volume":"98","author":"Jamieson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R6-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1086\/375746","article-title":"The HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) Group. Longitudinal study of mucosal Candida species colonization and candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and at-risk HIV-seronegative women.","volume":"188","author":"Ohmit","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1086\/340264","article-title":"The HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) Group. Prevalence, incidence, and persistence or recurrence of trichomoniasis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women and among HIV-negative women at high risk for HIV infection.","volume":"34","author":"Cu-Uvin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199813000-00019","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and disturbances of vaginal flora: association with increased acquisition of HIV.","volume":"12","author":"Taha","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R9-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1086\/315127","article-title":"Vaginal lactobacilli microbial flora, and risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and sexually transmitted diseases acquisition.","volume":"180","author":"Martin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1086\/426394","article-title":"Female genital-tract HIV load correlates inversely with Lactobacillus species but positively with bacterial vaginosis and Mycoplasma hominis.","volume":"191","author":"Sha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R11-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1086\/319287","article-title":"The effect of treatment of vaginal infections on shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R12-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9","article-title":"Nonspecific vaginitis: diagnostic criteria and epidemiologic associations.","volume":"74","author":"Amsel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R13-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.2.297-301.1991","article-title":"Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation.","volume":"29","author":"Nugent","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R14-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4507","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4607-4612.2005","article-title":"Utility of Amsel criteria, Nugent score, and quantitative PCR for Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Lactobacillus spp. for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.","volume":"43","author":"Sha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R15-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(96)00233-5","article-title":"Validity of the vaginal gram stain for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"88","author":"Schwebke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R16-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199803000-00004","article-title":"The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)-Design, methods, sample, cohort characteristics and comparison with reported AIDS cases in US women.","volume":"9","author":"Barkan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"R17-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(96)00387-0","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"89","author":"Barbosa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R18-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(03)00062-2","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, and AIDS in women.","volume":"87","author":"Cohn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"R19-3-20210126","first-page":"765","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.","volume":"82","author":"Korn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R20-3-20210126","first-page":"223","article-title":"Validity of the Papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of Candida spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"5","author":"Audisio","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Lower Genit Tract Dis"},{"key":"R21-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00466-0","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the Papanicolaou smear and wet mount for the diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis.","volume":"108","author":"Wiese","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R22-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000079525.04451.05","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of the Papanicolaou test for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis.","volume":"30","author":"Lobo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R23-3-20210126","first-page":"413","article-title":"Vaginal colonization by Candida in asymptomatic women with and without a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.","volume":"95","author":"Giraldo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R24-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(94)01981-C","article-title":"Culture and wet smear microscopy in the diagnosis of low-symptomatic vulvovaginal candidosis.","volume":"58","author":"Zdolsek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R25-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000242448.90026.13","article-title":"The occurrence of vaginal infections among HIV-infected and high-risk uninfected women: longitudinal findings of the Women's Interagency HIV Study.","volume":"43","author":"Watts","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Deficiency"},{"key":"R26-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/1064744042000210375","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of Affirm VPIII in the detection and identification of Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Candida species in vaginitis\/vaginosis.","volume":"12","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R27-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.005124","article-title":"Trichomoniasis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management.","volume":"80","author":"Swygard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R28-3-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/10647440500068248","article-title":"Real-time PCR improves detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection compared with culture using self-collected vaginal swabs.","volume":"13","author":"Caliendo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/LGT.0b013e318033dfed","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T16:49:56Z","timestamp":1786034996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00128360-200710000-00003"}},"subtitle":["HIV Infection Does Not Complicate the Diagnosis of Vaginitis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lgt.0b013e318033dfed","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}}}