{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:53:31Z","timestamp":1780098811232,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The association of shock index with long-term mortality after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains poorly investigated. We aimed to assess the association between shock index and eight-year mortality after STEMI.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study included 1369 patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Patients were categorized into three groups: a group with shock index in the first tertile (shock index, 0.21 to 0.52; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic> = 458), a group with shock index in the second tertile (shock index &gt; 0.52 to 0.67; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic> = 457) and a group with shock index in the third tertile (shock index &gt; 0.67 to 2.80; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic> = 454). The primary outcome was eight-year mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In patients with shock index in the first to third tertiles, inhospital cardiogenic shock (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic> = 153) occurred in 3.5, 3.9 and 26.2% of patients, respectively [adjusted odds ratio = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40 to 1.69, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001]; 30-day deaths (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic> = 122) occurred in 2.8, 5.5 and 18.5% of patients, respectively [adjusted hazard ratio = 1.06 (1.01\u20131.12); <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.024]; eight-year deaths (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic> = 300) occurred in 22.9, 21.6 and 36.1% of patients, respectively [adjusted hazard ratio = 1.06 (1.02\u20131.11); <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007] with all risk estimates calculated per 0.1 unit increment in shock index values. From 30 days to 8 years, deaths (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic> = 178) occurred in 20.7, 17.0 and 21.5% of patients in the first to third shock index tertiles, respectively (the difference was nonsignificant for all intertertile comparisons).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In patients with STEMI, elevated shock index is associated with the risk of inhospital cardiogenic shock and mortality up to 8 years after PPCI. The long-term adverse prognosis was almost entirely driven by events within the first 30 days.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mca.0000000000000802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T15:17:47Z","timestamp":1570029467000},"page":"575-583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association of shock index with short-term and long-term prognosis after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Gjin","family":"Ndrepepa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum M\u00fcnchen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Cassese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum M\u00fcnchen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erion","family":"Xhepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum M\u00fcnchen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Fusaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum M\u00fcnchen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Ludwig","family":"Laugwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universit\u00e4t"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heribert","family":"Schunkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum M\u00fcnchen"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Kastrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum M\u00fcnchen"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230928","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1106070","article-title":"\u2018Shock index\u2019","volume":"92","author":"Allg\u00f6wer","year":"1967","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"R2-20230928","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2011.07.008","article-title":"Shock index: a simple clinical parameter for quick mortality risk assessment in acute myocardial infarction.","volume":"27","author":"Bilkova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"R3-20230928","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.07.062","article-title":"Usefulness of the admission shock index for predicting short-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.","volume":"114","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R4-20230928","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872614561480","article-title":"Shock-index as a novel predictor of long-term outcome following primary percutaneous coronary intervention.","volume":"4","author":"Spyridopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"R5-20230928","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319716653885","article-title":"Long-term prognostic implications of the admission shock index in patients with acute myocardial infarction who received percutaneous coronary intervention.","volume":"68","author":"Abe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"R6-20230928","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-0616","article-title":"Shock index more sensitive than cardiogenic shock in ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.","volume":"81","author":"Hemradj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"R7-20230928","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-1135","article-title":"Shock index as a predictor of myocardial damage and clinical outcome in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.","volume":"80","author":"Reinstadler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"R8-20230928","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198504043121437","article-title":"The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial. 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