{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T07:34:42Z","timestamp":1777361682483,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Systemic inflammation and immune-mediated diseases have been associated with ischemic heart disease in addition to traditional risk factors. In this study, we investigate associations between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and acute cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>An observational study where patient data were extracted from our health system patient pool of 3\u2009917\u2009894. Propensity scores were calculated for all 15\u2009292 patients (0.39%) with IBD to assemble a 1:1 matched cohort balanced for age, gender, race and known cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking (current and former). Secondary analyses were performed independently for 6658 patients with ulcerative colitis and 9406 patients with Crohn\u2019s disease. ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes were used to identify cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Matched patients (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930\u2009584) had a mean age of 51\u2009years, with 58% being women, and 63% Caucasian. During the median follow-up of 4.4\u2009years, all-cause mortality was observed in 1.7 versus 1.2% of patients from IBD and non-IBD groups, respectively [hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08\u20131.58; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.005]. Combined outcome for myocardial infarction or cardiovascular mortality was noted in 2.3 and 2.1% from IBD and non-IBD groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.90\u20131.21; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.588), while hazard ratios for cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and unstable angina were 1.04 (0.74\u20131.47; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.833), 1.05 (0.89\u20131.23; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.591) and 1.10 (0.83\u20131.46; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.524), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among patients with IBD, incidence of acute coronary events did not show a statistically significant difference when compared to the matched cohort.<\/jats:p>\n          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