{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T17:12:49Z","timestamp":1769706769428,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Indoor water parks, with over 1100 facilities in the United States, are popular recreational venues with an estimated 1.5 million visitors per year in North America. While generally well tolerated, they can be associated with significant respiratory and nonrespiratory health risks. This review focuses exclusively on the infectious and noninfectious respiratory health issues associated with indoor water park usage and is timely due to increasing popularity, evolving water-treatment practices, and the unique vulnerability of specific populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review synthesizes peer-reviewed studies and institutional data from 2014 to 2024, detailing exposure mechanisms, health effects, mitigation strategies, and impacts on vulnerable populations such as children, asthmatic individuals, cystic fibrosis patients, immunocompromised individuals, and workers. Topics covered include disinfection by-products (DBPs), chloramine inhalation effects, asthma risks, hypersensitivity pneumonitis from nontuberculous mycobacteria, and occupational exposures. Emerging technologies in air and water quality management, alongside recent policy and facility-design developments, are also examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While indoor water parks remain a valued recreational resource, they pose significant and often under-recognized respiratory risks. Through better facility ventilation, hygiene education, disinfection innovation, and regulatory reform, these risks can be mitigated to protect both patrons and staff, particularly in vulnerable subpopulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mcp.0000000000001237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T11:00:17Z","timestamp":1768215617000},"page":"77-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Respiratory health issues in indoor water parks: a review of noninfectious and infectious complications"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nassau University Medical Center, Internal Medicine, East Meadow, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivek N.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260129","first-page":"e13281","article-title":"Airborne disinfection byproducts in indoor swimming pools: a 10-year national survey","volume":"34","author":"Johannesson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"R2-20260129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.04.012","article-title":"Definition and quantification of initial anthropogenic pollutant release in swimming pools","volume":"46","author":"Keuten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"R3-20260129","first-page":"11199","article-title":"Comparison of gas-phase and aqueous-phase ozonation of amino acids and waters containing natural organic 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