{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T01:51:19Z","timestamp":1779241879053,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000002575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T09:07:22Z","timestamp":1453972042000},"page":"e2575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Prostacyclin Analogs for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Huijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-27-20210226","first-page":"45","article-title":"Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"42","author":"Simonneau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars"},{"key":"R2-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.032","article-title":"Diagnosis and differential assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Barst","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R4-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0075","article-title":"The changing picture of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States: how REVEAL differs from historic and non-US Contemporary Registries","volume":"139","author":"Frost","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R5-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1140","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension: baseline characteristics from the REVEAL Registry","volume":"137","author":"Badesch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R6-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465808094762","article-title":"Therapeutic advances in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Boutet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"R7-27-20210226","first-page":"1221","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges","volume":"11","author":"Bazan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"R8-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005587","article-title":"The pharmacological treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"64","author":"Frumkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"R9-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2875","article-title":"Oral treprostinil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients receiving background endothelin receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy (the FREEDOM-C2 study): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"144","author":"Tapson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R10-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2212","article-title":"Oral treprostinil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients on background endothelin receptor antagonist and\/or phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy (the FREEDOM-C study): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"142","author":"Tapson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R11-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.01.008","article-title":"Long-term therapy with inhaled iloprost in patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"104","author":"Olschewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R12-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.420","article-title":"Treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease","volume":"126","author":"Oudiz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R13-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00463-7","article-title":"Beraprost therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"41","author":"Barst","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R14-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1864","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of drug therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"145","author":"Coeytaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R15-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.05.084","article-title":"Choosing the best first line oral drug agent in patients with pulmonary hypertension: evidence from a network meta-analysis","volume":"168","author":"Biondi-Zoccai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"R16-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.802682","article-title":"Prostacyclin and its analogues in pulmonary artery hypertension: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"R17-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.01.004","article-title":"ACCF\/AHA 2009 expert consensus document on pulmonary hypertension a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians; American Thoracic Society, Inc. ; and the Pulmonary Hypertension Association","volume":"53","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R18-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0969","article-title":"Validation of the pulmonary hypertension connection equation for survival prediction in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"141","author":"Thenappan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R19-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036298","article-title":"Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature","volume":"9","author":"Greenland","year":"1987","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"R21-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5453","article-title":"Quantifying the impact of between-study heterogeneity in multivariate meta-analyses","volume":"31","author":"Jackson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"R22-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.6.676","article-title":"Comparison of two methods to detect publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"295","author":"Peters","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R23-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76654","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076654","article-title":"Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA","volume":"8","author":"Chaimani","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R24-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-6-200003210-00002","article-title":"Continuous intravenous epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension due to the scleroderma spectrum of disease: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"132","author":"Badesch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R25-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602013340504","article-title":"A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"334","author":"Barst","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R26-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01786-2","article-title":"Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Galie","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R27-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2009.09.005","article-title":"Exercise improvement and plasma biomarker changes with intravenous treprostinil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a placebo-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Hiremath","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"R28-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.124388","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral treprostinil monotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"127","author":"Jing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R29-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.027","article-title":"Addition of inhaled treprostinil to oral therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"55","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R30-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200302000-00019","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of treprostinil: an epoprostenol analog for primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"41","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"R31-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020204","article-title":"Inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"347","author":"Olschewski","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R32-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-7-485","article-title":"Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with continuous intravenous prostacyclin (epoprostenol): results of a randomized trial","volume":"112","author":"Rubin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R33-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207093270202","article-title":"An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"327","author":"Christman","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R34-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068711","article-title":"Role of prostacyclin in the cardiovascular response to thromboxane A2","volume":"296","author":"Cheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R35-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380501","article-title":"Reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with long-term epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy in primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"338","author":"McLaughlin","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R36-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.5.1566","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of aerosolized iloprost in pulmonary hypertension at rest and during exercise","volume":"121","author":"Blumberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R37-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1159\/000334431","article-title":"Combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Bai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"R38-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-916154","article-title":"Prostacyclin therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: new directions","volume":"26","author":"Gomberg-Maitland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R39-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06784-5","article-title":"International Union of Pharmacology classification of prostanoid receptors: properties, distribution, and structure of the receptors and their subtypes","volume":"46","author":"Coleman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"R40-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.26.2.4695","article-title":"Differential effects of stable prostacyclin analogs on smooth muscle proliferation and cyclic AMP generation in human pulmonary artery","volume":"26","author":"Clapp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"R41-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702383","article-title":"Effects of the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 on iloprost-induced vasorelaxation and cyclic AMP elevation in isolated guinea-pig aorta","volume":"126","author":"Turcato","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R42-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-5-343","article-title":"Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: results from a national prospective registry","volume":"115","author":"D\u2019Alonzo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R43-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00072709","article-title":"Survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a reappraisal of the NIH risk stratification equation","volume":"35","author":"Thenappan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R44-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-9-199605010-00006","article-title":"Aerosolized prostacyclin and iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"124","author":"Olschewski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R45-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050628","article-title":"Recovery from circulatory shock in severe primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) with aerosolization of iloprost","volume":"24","author":"Olschewski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"R46-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.4.1294","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of inhaled iloprost, aerosolized by three different devices, in severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"124","author":"Olschewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R47-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-6-200003210-00003","article-title":"Inhaled iloprost to treat severe pulmonary hypertension. An uncontrolled trial. German PPH Study Group","volume":"132","author":"Olschewski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R48-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12125","article-title":"Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy and long-term outcomes in pediatric kidney transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Suszynski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"R49-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200847090-00004","article-title":"A clinical comparison of slow- and rapid-escalation treprostinil dosing regimens in patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"47","author":"Skoro-Sajer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"R50-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2010.06.013","article-title":"Subcutaneous treprostinil in pulmonary arterial hypertension: practical considerations","volume":"29","author":"Mathier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"R51-27-20210226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.11228","article-title":"How to use an article reporting a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis","volume":"308","author":"Mills","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000002575","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T07:34:22Z","timestamp":1748763262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00005792-201601250-00027"}},"subtitle":["A Network Meta-Analysis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000002575","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}}}