{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T07:38:29Z","timestamp":1785742709929,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Rationale:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Most leiomyomas are located in the uterus. Leiomyomas are rarely found outside the uterus and classified as leiomyoma beyond the uterus (LBU). This group consists of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, benign metastasizing leiomyoma, intravenous leiomyomatosis, parasite leiomyoma located in the broad ligament and retroperitoneal space. The descriptions of the patients who suffer from these types of leiomyomas are presented mainly in case reports.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patient concerns:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A 34-year-old multiparous woman was operated on multiple recurrent uterine leiomyoma in parametrium. At one time, 32 leiomyomas were removed. Thirteen months following it, in next laparotomy, 132 leiomyomas were excised. Histologically, both were intravenous leiomyomas (IVLs).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Diagnosis and Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In follow-up, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed to look for next recurrent leiomyoma. Accidentally, the mass was found in inferior vena cava which was diagnosed as intravenous vena cava leiomyoma. The mass was removed and the final diagnosis of intravenous myoma was confirmed in histopathology.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Outcomes:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>CT scan performed 3 months after the surgery for leiomyoma in vena cava revealed no pathology. Next 10 months\u2019 follow-up was uneventful.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Lessons:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The recurrent multiple uterine leiomyoma precede LBU. The uterine leiomyoma spreads intravenously route to parametria as parasite leiomyoma, then to vena cava. It has to be taken into account in follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000015877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]],"date-time":"2019-06-22T17:08:51Z","timestamp":1561223331000},"page":"e15877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Natural history of leiomyomas beyond the uterus"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Edyta","family":"Barna\u015b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Ra\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Rzeszow University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Skr\u0119t-Magier\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Wesecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Surgery Department, Specialist Hospital in Brzoz\u00f3w, Podkarpacki Oncological Center, Brzoz\u00f3w"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Filipowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Electroradiology, Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Ksi\u0105\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Pathology, Frederick Chopin Clinical Provincial Hospital No 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Skr\u0119t","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazimierz","family":"Widenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.287085095","article-title":"Leiomyomas beyond the uterus: unusual locations, rare manifestations","volume":"28","author":"Fasih","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"R2-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0175875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175875","article-title":"Benign metastasizing leiomyoma: a review of current literature in respect to the time and type of previous gynecological surgery","volume":"12","author":"Barna\u015b","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R3-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4902","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004902","article-title":"Different surgical strategies of patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis","volume":"95","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R4-20230914","first-page":"117","article-title":"Benign metastasizing leiomyoma in triple location: lungs, parametria and appendix","volume":"15","author":"Ra\u015b","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prz Menopauzalny"},{"key":"R5-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2003.08.012","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis: two cases with different routes of tumor extension","volume":"39","author":"Lam","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"R6-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-006-9024-0","article-title":"Intravenous uterine leiomyomatosis with right heart extension: successful two-stage surgical removal","volume":"20","author":"Castelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"R7-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0742-2822.2003.02152.x","article-title":"Echocardiographic study of an intravenous leiomyoma: case report and review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Baca L\u00f3pez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"R8-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2010.10.004","article-title":"Intravenous lipoleiomyomatosis of uterus with cardiac extension: a case report","volume":"207","author":"Vural","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"issue":"(2 suppl)","key":"R9-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.07.026","article-title":"Anatomic identification of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy: a step-by-step procedure","volume":"111","author":"Fujii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R10-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.10.015","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a clinic pathologic study of 18 cases, with emphasis on early diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies","volume":"42","author":"Du","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R11-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880529","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis: molecular and cytogenetic analysis of a case","volume":"15","author":"Quade","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R12-20230914","first-page":"362","article-title":"Estrogen and progesterone expression of vessel walls with intravascular leiomyomatosis; discussion of histogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Kir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Gynaecol Oncol"},{"key":"R13-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.12.002","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis treated with aromatase inhibitor therapy","volume":"101","author":"Biri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"R14-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.10159","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis is characterized by a der(14)t(12;14)(q15;q24)","volume":"36","author":"Dal Cin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"R15-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.05.010","article-title":"Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization study","volume":"45","author":"Buza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R16-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.36","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis: an unusual intermediate between benign and malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors","volume":"29","author":"Ordulu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R17-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI77116","article-title":"MicroRNA-182 drives metastasis of primary sarcomas by targeting multiple genes","volume":"124","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R18-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvscit.2017.02.007","article-title":"Inguinal pain and fullness due to an intravascular leiomyoma in the external iliac vein. Inguinal pain and fullness due to an intravascular leiomyoma in the external iliac vein","volume":"3","author":"Skripochnik","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech"},{"key":"R19-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2017.03.031","article-title":"Case report of an intracaval leiomyomatosis 10 months after complete hysterectomy","volume":"35","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"R20-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.09.031","article-title":"Update on intravenous leiomyomatosis: report of five patients and literature review","volume":"171","author":"Vald\u00e9s Devesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R21-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2016.1023","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis with right atrium extension in two patients: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R22-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2016.1074","article-title":"Post-hysterectomy intravenous leiomyomatosis: a case of successful multidisciplinary surgery under non-extracorporeal circulation","volume":"6","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R23-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2016.12.015","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prognostic features of intravenous leiomyomatosis with inferior vena cava or intracardiac extension","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"R24-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13012","article-title":"Vanishing intravenous leiomyomatosis after hysterectomy: assessment of the need to perform complete resection","volume":"42","author":"Maneyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"R25-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2017.04.017","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a clinicopathological analysis of nine cases and literature review","volume":"56","author":"Low","year":"2017","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R26-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510123331519","article-title":"Extension of a pelvic tumor into the right atrium","volume":"333","author":"Stancanelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R27-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.72.853.686","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis complicated by Budd-Chiari syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Kuenen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"R28-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(96)80174-7","article-title":"Uterine tumor in the heart: intravenous leiomyomatosis","volume":"119","author":"Steinmetz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R29-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1996.4604","article-title":"Successful one-stage complete removal of an entire intravenous leiomyomatosis in the heart, vena cava, and uterus","volume":"64","author":"Arinami","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R30-20230914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.08.023","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for intravenous leiomyomatosis","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00005792-201906210-00006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T19:23:01Z","timestamp":1694719381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00005792-201906210-00006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000015877","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-5964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}}}