{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:05:38Z","timestamp":1791475538229,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81670785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81670785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Technological Innovation and Application Development Project of Chongqing","award":["cstc2019jscx-msxmX0207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2019jscx-msxmX0207"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project","award":["2018GDRC004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GDRC004"]}]},{"name":"High-end Medical Talents of Middle-aged and Young People in Chongqing","award":["yuweiren[2015]49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["yuweiren[2015]49"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We aim to explore the relationship between early-onset diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with microalbuminuria.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>A total of 461 T2DM patients with microalbuminuria were enrolled. Subjects were defined as early-onset or late-onset based on the age at which they were diagnosed with diabetes (&lt;40 and \u226540 years, respectively). Medical history, anthropometry, and laboratory indicators were documented. PDR was defined as the presence of any of the following changes on fundus photography: neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, or preretinal hemorrhage.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of PDR was 6-fold higher in patients with early-onset than late-onset T2DM [(6.1% vs 1.0%), <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a.004]. Univariate correlation analysis showed that early-onset diabetes, use of oral hypoglycemic drugs, and insulin therapy were risk factors for PDR. In multivariate logistic analysis, patients with early-onset diabetes exhibited a 7.00-fold [(95% confidence interval 1.40\u201338.26), <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a.019] higher risk of PDR than subjects with late-onset diabetes after adjusting for sex; T2DM duration; systolic blood pressure; total triglyceride; glycated hemoglobin; insulin therapy; and the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, and lipid-lowering drugs.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>In T2DM patients with microalbuminuria, early-onset diabetes is an independent risk factor for the development of PDR.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000020189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T20:34:23Z","timestamp":1588970063000},"page":"e20189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Early-onset type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Xinlu","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Yanan Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinbo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianna","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiurong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shichao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangmei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qifu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021678","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"350","author":"Robert","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-20240308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62124-3","article-title":"Diabetic 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