{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T22:21:45Z","timestamp":1770416505935,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI16\/00314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI16\/00314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010552","name":"Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SLT006\/17\/144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT006\/17\/144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010552","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007509","name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Neumolog\u00eda y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["90\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a global infectious disease. In low-incidence countries, paediatric TB affects mostly immigrant children and children of immigrants. We hypothesize that these children are at risk of exposure to <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> when they travel to the country of origin of their parents to visit friends and relatives (VFR). In this study, we aim to estimate the incidence rate and risk factors associated to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and TB in VFR children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and analysis:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A prospective study will be carried out in collaboration with 21 primary health care centres (PCC) and 5 hospitals in Catalonia, Spain. The study participants are children under 15 years of age, either immigrant themselves or born to immigrant parents, who travel to countries with high incidence of TB (\u2265 40\u200acases\/100,000 inhabitants). A sample size of 492 children was calculated. Participants will be recruited before traveling, either during a visit to a travel clinic or to their PCC, where a questionnaire including sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical data will be completed, and a tuberculin skin test (TST) will be performed and read after 48 to 72\u200ahours; patients with a positive TST at baseline will be excluded. A visit will be scheduled eight to twelve-weeks after their return to perform a TST and a QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus test. The incidence rate of LTBI will be estimated per individual\/month and person\/year per country visited, and also by age-group.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Universitari M\u00fatua Terrassa (code 02\/16) and the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Fundaci\u00f3 Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l\u2019Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (code P16\/094). Articles will be published in indexed scientific journals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registration:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Clinical-Trials.gov: NCT04236765<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000022015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T14:18:33Z","timestamp":1598969913000},"page":"e22015","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Tuberculosis infection in children visiting friends and relatives in countries with high incidence of tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Antoni","family":"Soriano-Arandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Patologia Infecciosa i Immunodefici\u00e8ncies Pedi\u00e0triques, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan A.","family":"Cayl\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 de la Unitat d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Tuberculosi de Barcelona, Barcelona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Queiroga","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Terres de l\u2019Ebre, Fundaci\u00f3 Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l\u2019Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol)"},{"name":"Unitat Docent de Medicina de Familia i Comunit\u00e0ria, Tortosa-Terres de l\u2019Ebre, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, Tortosa, Tarragona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c0ngels","family":"Orcau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d\u2019epidemiologia, Ag\u00e8ncia de Salut P\u00fablica de Barcelona, Barcelona"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Noguera-Julian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid"},{"name":"Malalties Infeccioses i Resposta Inflamat\u00f2ria Sist\u00e8mica en Pediatria, Unitat d\u2019Infeccions, Servei de Pediatria, Institut de Recerca Pedi\u00e0trica, Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Barcelona"},{"name":"Departament de Pediatria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n Translacional en Infectolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica (RITIP), Madrid"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c0rea de Microbiologia de Catlab, 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de Patologia Infecciosa i Immunodefici\u00e8ncies Pedi\u00e0triques, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron"},{"name":"Grup de recerca infecci\u00f3 en el pacient pedi\u00e0tric immunodeprimit, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Barcelona"},{"name":"Centre de Diagn\u00f2stic i Investigaci\u00f3 per a Immunodefici\u00e8ncies Prim\u00e0ries Jeffrey Modell, Barcelona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Eril-Rius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equip d\u2019atenci\u00f3 prim\u00e0ria La Vall del Ges, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, Torell\u00f3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Santos Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Salut Internacional i Malalties Transmissibles Drassanes\/Vall d\u2019Hebron. Programa de Salut Internacional de l\u2019ICS (PROSICS), Barcelona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00eddia","family":"Busquets-Poblet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de pediatr\u00eda, CAP El Remei, L\u2019Equip d\u2019Assist\u00e8ncia Prim\u00e0ria de Vic, Vic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raisa Morales","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Salut Internacional i Malalties Transmissibles Drassanes\/Vall d\u2019Hebron. 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