{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T20:40:44Z","timestamp":1786394444478,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"49","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81870685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["7172173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7172173"]}]},{"name":"the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["2018PT32029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018PT32029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To observe the clinical outcomes of intense pulsed light (IPL) for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and identify its influencing factors.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Forty-eight eyes of 48 patients with MGD were included. Subjects were followed up 5 times on day 1, day 15, day 30, day 45, and day 120, and underwent 3 sessions of the IPL treatment on day 1, day 15 and day 30. Gender, age, duration of MGD, time of video display terminal usage, and severity of MGD were recorded at baseline. At every visit, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), eyelid margin abnormality score, tear film breakup time, Schirmer I test (S\u200a\u026a\u200at) and corneal fluorescein staining were recorded. The clinical parameters before and after 3 IPL treatments were compared. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore influencing factors.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Compared with baseline, the tear film breakup time was increased and the corneal fluorescein staining score and OSDI were significantly decreased on day 45 and day 120 (all <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a&lt;\u200a.001). In univariate analysis, among the patients with a younger age (18\u201339\u200ayears), moderate MGD, higher baseline S\u200a\u026a\u200at and higher baseline OSDI, the IPL treatment had a higher effective rate (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a.032, .004, .024, and .014 respectively). The MGD severity was strongly associated with effective IPL, and patients with moderate MGD had an OR of 22.454 compared with the severe MGD patients (OR\u200a=\u200a22.454, 95% CI: 2.890-174.436, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a.003).<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>IPL effectively improves clinical symptoms and some signs in MGD patients. Age, MGD severity, baseline S\u200a\u026a\u200at and baseline OSDI are potential factors that may influence the clinical outcomes of IPL. MGD severity is an independent influencing factor.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000028166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T13:06:36Z","timestamp":1639141596000},"page":"e28166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Factors influencing the clinical outcomes of intense pulsed light for meibomian gland dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-yu","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8532-0999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997e","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on the epidemiology of, and associated risk factors for, MGD","volume":"52","author":"Schaumberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis 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