{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T04:02:40Z","timestamp":1746417760137,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"51","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korean Government","award":["2019R1F1A1060899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1F1A1060899"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Rationale:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)\u2013associated pleuritis is a very rare disease. Here, we describe 2 cases of life-threatening <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium intracellulare-<\/jats:italic>associated pleuritis in immunocompetent hosts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patient concerns:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A 78-year-old man with sudden onset-onset dyspnea (case 1) and an 80-year-old man with cough, sputum and fever (case 2) presented to our emergency room.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Diagnoses:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Both the patients were diagnosed with <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium intracellulare<\/jats:italic>-associated pleuritis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In case 1, the patient underwent intubation with mechanical ventilation due to hypoxemic respiratory failure. Daily azithromycin, rifampin and ethambutol, and intravenous amikacin 3 times a week was administered. In case 2, the patient received daily azithromycin, rifampin and ethambutol, and intravenous amikacin 3 times a week.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Outcomes:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In case 1, after receiving NTM treatment for 14\u200amonths, NTM-associated pleuritis was cured, with radiologic improvement. In case 2, however, bronchopleural fistula was developed. Despite tube drainage, air leak continued. The patient refused surgical management and eventually died of respiratory failure.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Lessons:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Pleural effusion arising from NTM lung disease located in the subpleural area should be considered a possible cause of NTM-associated pleuritis. Drainage and a multidrug regimen are required to treat NTM, and surgical treatment should be considered when complications occur.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000028342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T19:32:59Z","timestamp":1640287979000},"page":"e28342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Life-threatening Mycobacterium intracellulare pleuritis in an immunocompetent host"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Bo-Gun","family":"Kho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Ok","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwa Kyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Kyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Joo","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae-Ok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0146-3491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Joon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Soo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Chul","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00535-2020","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"56","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R2-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00149212","article-title":"The geographic diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary samples: an NTM-NET collaborative study","volume":"42","author":"Hoefsloot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R3-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333567","article-title":"Update on the epidemiology of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections","volume":"34","author":"Kendall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R4-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2014.77.1.1","article-title":"Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in Korea","volume":"77","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"R5-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.9119-17","article-title":"Clinical features of nontuberculous mycobacterial pleurisy: a review of 12 cases","volume":"57","author":"Naito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"R6-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1159\/000490548","article-title":"Clinical features and prognosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial pleuritis","volume":"96","author":"Ando","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"R7-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.11.005","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of pleural effusions in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease","volume":"133","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R8-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2016.17.2.295","article-title":"Broncho-pleural fistula with hydropneumothorax at CT: diagnostic implications in mycobacterium avium complex lung disease with pleural involvement","volume":"17","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"R9-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2019.314","article-title":"Clinical relevance and characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacterial pleuritis","volume":"73","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.03.014","article-title":"Long-term natural history of non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","volume":"151","author":"Moon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R11-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0494","article-title":"Clinical significance of the differentiation between Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare in M avium complex lung disease","volume":"142","author":"Koh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R12-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.024737-0","article-title":"Pleural effusion in an immunocompetent woman caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum","volume":"60","author":"Fabbian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R13-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47574-0","article-title":"Mycobacterium chelonae empyema in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"57","author":"Hsieh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R14-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(01)00339-4","article-title":"Mycobacterium abscessus empyema in a lung transplant recipient","volume":"21","author":"Fairhurst","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"R15-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.02.054","article-title":"Surgical treatment of atypical Mycobacterium intracellulare infection with chronic empyema: a case report","volume":"130","author":"Kotani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R16-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","article-title":"An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"175","author":"Griffith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000028342","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T06:05:30Z","timestamp":1746338730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000028342"}},"subtitle":["Case reports"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"51","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000028342","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0025-7974"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1536-5964"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}