{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:42:36Z","timestamp":1778042556899,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/cc-by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adult granulosa cell tumors (aGCTs) are rare ovarian neoplasms with a relatively favorable prognosis. They follow an indolent course, characterized by a prolonged natural history and a tendency to late recurrences, Around a quarter of patients develop recurrence and More than 70% of women with recurrence die from their disease, The percentage of patients received chemotherapy increases over time, whether adjuvant chemotherapy improve the prognosis of aGCTs is equivocal? The purpose of this review is to summarize the previously published evidence to evaluate whether adjuvant chemotherapy improve the prognosis of aGCTs to provide guidance for clinical practice. EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, WanFang Data and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure are searched up to December 2020, used the search strategy of ovar* and granulosa cell* and (tumor* or tumour* or malignan* or cancer* or carcinom* or neoplasm*) and chemotherapy. The screening process was conducted strictly based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical studies based on human including randomized controlled trial, quasi-randomised controlled trials, nonrandomised trials cohort study and case control study were included without restriction of time. The percentage of patients received chemotherapy increases over time, but the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy is lack of high-grade evidence of prospective study, based on the current retrospective studies, we still do not have the evidence to confirm the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage, advanced stage or recurrent aGCT with no residual tumor, but for inoperable disseminated disease or disease with suboptimal cytoreduction, adjuvant chemotherapy maybe an Optable options. Multinational prospective randomised controlled trials are urgently needed to validate the role of adjuvant chemotherapy. Further research on molecular mechanisms and developing novel targeted medicines may improve the survival of aGCTs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000029062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T13:06:16Z","timestamp":1648731976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Can adjuvant chemotherapy improve the prognosis of adult ovarian granulosa cell tumors?"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shushan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7641-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-11-142","article-title":"Ovarian granulosa cell tumors: a retrospective study of 27 cases and a review of the literature.","volume":"11","author":"Sekkate","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R2-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13949","article-title":"Incidence and occupational variation of ovarian granulosa cell tumours in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden during 1953-2012: a longitudinal cohort study.","volume":"124","author":"Bryk","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R3-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-0014","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"33","author":"Jamieson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R4-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000304","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and survival of patients with an adult-type ovarian granulosa cell tumor: a 56-year single-center experience.","volume":"25","author":"Bryk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R5-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.241","article-title":"Long-term follow-up is crucial after treatment for granulosa cell tumours of the ovary.","volume":"109","author":"Mangili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"R6-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"djw134","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw134","article-title":"Molecularly defined adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: the clinical phenotype.","volume":"108","author":"McConechy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R7-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/gm81","article-title":"The new molecular biology of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"11","author":"Kalfa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"R8-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902542","article-title":"Mutation of FOXL2 in granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"360","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R9-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.95","article-title":"Prognostic significance of FOXL2 mutation and mRNA expression in adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"24","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R10-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.10.013","article-title":"Impact of a second opinion using expression and molecular analysis of FOXL2 for sex cord-stromal tumors. A study of the GINECO group & the TMRO network.","volume":"132","author":"Maillet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R11-32-20250504","first-page":"e14","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone: a brief review of the literature.","volume":"168","author":"Ozzola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"key":"R12-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-011-1209-z","article-title":"Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary and inhibin B.","volume":"150","author":"Lyubimova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"R13-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70207-3","article-title":"Review of the granulosatheca cell tumors from the Emil Novak ovarian tumor registry.","volume":"180","author":"Cronje","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R14-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2011.22.3.188","article-title":"Clinicopathologic characteristics of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a multicenter retrospective study.","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R15-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)30464-9","article-title":"Granulosa cell tumour: a recurrence 40 years after initial diagnosis.","volume":"27","author":"East","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"R16-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/01.coc.0000037918.88451.6A","article-title":"Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: retrospective analysis of 45 cases.","volume":"11","author":"Uygun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R17-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2009.20.3.158","article-title":"Prognostic factors in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a retrospective analysis of 80 cases.","volume":"11","author":"Ayhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R18-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vii20","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds223","article-title":"Nonepithelial ovarian cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.","volume":"23","author":"Colombo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"R19-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.06.031","article-title":"Adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: tumor dissemination pattern at primary and recurrent situation, surgical outcome.","volume":"119","author":"Fotopoulou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R20-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-013-0630-x","article-title":"Prognostic predictors and spread patterns in adult ovarian granulosa cell tumors: a multicenter long-term follow-up study of 108 patients.","volume":"19","author":"Ertas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R21-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0007","article-title":"Ovarian Cancer, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.","volume":"19","author":"Armstrong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"R22-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2007.08.007","article-title":"Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.","volume":"34","author":"Pectasides","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"R23-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000077","article-title":"Effectiveness of chemotherapy in measurable granulosa cell tumors. A retrospective study and review of literature.","volume":"24","author":"van Meurs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R24-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.05.011","article-title":"Stage I granulosa cell tumours: a management conundrum? Results of long-term follow up.","volume":"138","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R25-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.01.011","article-title":"The activity of taxanes compared with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin in the treatment of sex cord-stromal ovarian tumors.","volume":"97","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R26-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2001.801120.x","article-title":"Histopathological prognostic factors of adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"80","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"R27-32-20250504","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: 10 years follow-up data of 65 patients.","volume":"24","author":"Sehouli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"R28-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.10.019","article-title":"Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.","volume":"21","author":"Schumer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R29-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1996.0130","article-title":"Mitotic count, nuclear atypia, and immunohistochemical determination of ki-67, c-myc, p21-ras, c-erbb2, and p53 expression in granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: mitotic count and ki-67 are indicators of poor prognosis.","volume":"61","author":"King","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R30-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(96)90069-6","article-title":"Transformation in recurrent ovarian granulosa cell tumors: Ki-67and p53 immunohistochemistry demonstrates a possible molecular basis for the poor histopathologic prediction of clinical behavior.","volume":"27","author":"Costa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R31-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.12.442","article-title":"Surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of patients with adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"125","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R32-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/IGC.0b013e3181a1cdfd","article-title":"Expression status and mutational analysis of the PTEN and P13K subunit genes in ovarian granulosa cell tumors.","volume":"19","author":"Bittinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R33-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.230","article-title":"HER2 and GATA4 are new prognostic factors for early-stage ovarian granulosa cell tumor - a longterm follow-up study.","volume":"3","author":"F\u00e4rkkil\u00e4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"R34-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.04.021","article-title":"Anti-angiogenesis therapy with bevacizumab for patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumors.","volume":"114","author":"Tao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R35-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.07.015","article-title":"The use of bevacizumab in refractory ovarian granulosa-cell carcinoma with symptomatic relief of ascites: a case report.","volume":"111","author":"Kesterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R36-32-20250504","first-page":"4767","article-title":"Neoadjuvant bevacizumab in a granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: a case report.","volume":"30","author":"Barrena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"R37-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-18-0359","article-title":"Mutational landscape of ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors from whole exome and targeted TERT promoter sequencing.","volume":"17","author":"Alexiadis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"R38-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0514-3","article-title":"Genomic profiling of primary and recurrent adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"33","author":"Da Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R39-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.11583","article-title":"Stromal p16 overexpression in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"37","author":"Na","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"R40-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04950-x","article-title":"KMT2D\/MLL2 inactivation is associated with recurrence in adult-type granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"9","author":"Hillman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R41-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPM.IJPM_403_19","article-title":"A clinicopathological study of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: can morphology predict prognosis?","volume":"63","author":"Guleria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R42-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6529","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0921","article-title":"High GATA-4 expression associates with aggressive behavior, whereas low anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone expression associates with growth potential of ovarian granulosa cell tumors.","volume":"90","author":"Anttonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R43-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12051308","article-title":"Whole genome analysis of ovarian granulosa cell tumors reveals tumor heterogeneity and a high-grade TP53-specific subgroup.","volume":"12","author":"Roze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"R44-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000325","article-title":"Granulosa cell tumors: novel predictors of recurrence in early-stage patients.","volume":"36","author":"Sakr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"R45-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/030089160108700111","article-title":"The value of cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the prognostic assessment of ovarian granulosa cell tumors.","volume":"87","author":"Juric\u2019","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"R46-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gore.2019.04.004","article-title":"Role of adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of stage IC ovarian granulosa cell tumors.","volume":"28","author":"Nasioudis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol Rep"},{"key":"R47-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(99)00142-2","article-title":"Cisplatin (P), vinblastine (V) and bleomycin (B) combination chemotherapy in recurrent or advanced granulosa(-theca) cell tumours of the ovary. An EORTC Gynaecological Cancer Cooperative Group study.","volume":"35","author":"Pecorelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"R48-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-198602000-00020","article-title":"Cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin combination chemotherapy in metastatic granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.","volume":"67","author":"Colombo","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R49-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(90)90133-6","article-title":"cis-Platinum\/vinblastine\/bleomycin combination chemotherapy in advanced or recurrent granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"36","author":"Zambetti","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R50-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1998.5304","article-title":"Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin combination therapy of ovarian granulosa cell tumors and other stromal malignancies: a gynecologic oncology group study.","volume":"72","author":"Homesley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R51-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.01049.x","article-title":"Combination of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin for the treatment of advanced ovarian granulosa cell tumors.","volume":"18","author":"Pautier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R52-32-20250504","first-page":"314","article-title":"Cisplatin-based chemotherapy in recurrent or high risk ovarian granulosa-cell tumor patients.","volume":"14","author":"Chiara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Gynaecol Oncol"},{"key":"R53-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058191","article-title":"Cisplatin-containing regimen in advanced or recurrent granulosa cell tumours of the ovary.","volume":"3","author":"Pectasides","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"R54-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.01.011","article-title":"The activity of taxanes compared with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin in the treatment of sex cord-stromal ovarian tumors.","volume":"97","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R55-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/ssu.2980100410","article-title":"Chemotherapy of ovarian germ cell tumors and sex cord stromal tumors.","volume":"10","author":"Gershenson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R56-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000010","article-title":"A comprehensive review of diagnostic and treatment options for granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"69","author":"Stine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"R57-32-20250504","first-page":"9148124","article-title":"Adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a retrospective study of 36 FIGO stage I cases with emphasis on prognostic pathohistological features.","volume":"2018","author":"Babarovic\u2019","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal Cell Pathol (Amst)"},{"key":"R58-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1447","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with operable granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results cohort study.","volume":"7","author":"Oseledchyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"R59-32-20250504","first-page":"439","article-title":"Clinicopathological prognostic factors of adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary - a study of 37 cases.","volume":"48","author":"Mehta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R60-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.12.026","article-title":"The role of systemic chemotherapy in the management of granulosa cell tumors.","volume":"136","author":"Meisel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R61-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.08.316","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy does not improve disease-free survival in FIGO stage IC ovarian granulosa cell tumors: the MITO-9 study.","volume":"143","author":"Mangili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R62-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.09.019","article-title":"Prognostic factors responsible for survival in sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary - a multivariate analysis.","volume":"96","author":"Chan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R63-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-018-0396-x","article-title":"Is adjuvant chemotherapy beneficial for patients with FIGO stage IC adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary?","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"R64-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0936-6555(98)80008-3","article-title":"Granulosa cell tumours of the ovary: demographics, survival and the management of advanced disease.","volume":"10","author":"Savage","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"R65-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.01154.x","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic prognostic factors in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.","volume":"18","author":"Ranganath","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R66-32-20250504","first-page":"505","article-title":"Retrospeanaliza wynik\u00f3w leczenia ziarniszczaka jajnika [Long-term outcome analysis in the treatment of granulosa cell tumors].","volume":"83","author":"Rzepka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"key":"R67-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-00009577-200201000-00019","article-title":"Postoperative chemotherapy in advanced ovarian granulosa cell tumors.","volume":"12","author":"Al-Badawi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R68-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.05.020","article-title":"Ovarian granulosa cell tumor: a National Cancer Database study.","volume":"146","author":"Seagle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R69-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4135-5","article-title":"Prognostic factors for recurrence in early stage adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.","volume":"294","author":"Thomakos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"R70-32-20250504","first-page":"1001","article-title":"A long-term follow-up study of 91 cases with ovarian granulosa cell tumors.","volume":"34","author":"Shim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"R71-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2011.22.3.214","article-title":"Prolonged survival following maximal cytoreductive effort for peritoneal metastases from recurrent granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.","volume":"22","author":"Chua","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R72-32-20250504","first-page":"CD006912","article-title":"Effectiveness of different treatment modalities for the management of adult-onset granulosa cell tumours of the ovary (primary and recurrent).","volume":"2014","author":"Gurumurthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R73-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.04.047","article-title":"Recurrent granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovary: a MITO-9 retrospective study.","volume":"130","author":"Mangili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R74-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-020-00619-6","article-title":"Characteristics and treatment results of recurrence in adult-type granulosa cell tumor of ovary.","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"R75-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2014.12.007","article-title":"Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group. Outcome of patients with recurrent adult-type granulosa cell tumors - a Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group study.","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R76-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-8258(02)00141-5","article-title":"Clinical parameters and treatment results in recurrent granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.","volume":"88","author":"Uygun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R77-32-20250504","first-page":"481","article-title":"Hormonal therapy of advanced or relapsed ovarian granulosa cell tumor.","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi"},{"key":"R78-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.12.016","article-title":"Systematic drug sensitivity testing reveals synergistic growth inhibition by dasatinib or mTOR inhibitors with paclitaxel in ovarian granulosa cell tumor cells.","volume":"144","author":"Haltia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R79-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1973","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1812","article-title":"Serum vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) is elevated in patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumor (GCT), and VEGF inhibition by bevacizumab induces apoptosis in GCT in vitro.","volume":"96","author":"F\u00e4rkkil\u00e4","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R80-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp051","article-title":"Dysregulation of WNT\/CTNNB1 and PI3K\/AKT signaling in testicular stromal cells causes granulosa cell tumor of the testis.","volume":"30","author":"Boyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"R81-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4699","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094699","article-title":"Procaspase-activating compound-1 synergizes with TRAIL to induce apoptosis in established granulosa cell tumor cell line (KGN) and explanted patient granulosa cell tumor cells in vitro.","volume":"22","author":"Crosley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R82-32-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108327589","article-title":"Proteasome inhibition by bortezomib decreases proliferation and increases apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cell tumors.","volume":"16","author":"Chu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"}],"container-title":["Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000029062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T04:23:16Z","timestamp":1746332596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000029062"}},"subtitle":["A narrative review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000029062","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7974","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-5964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-30 2022-02-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-24","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}