{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T15:49:13Z","timestamp":1785685753643,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007688","name":"American University of Beirut","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["103785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007175","name":"Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["103074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) increased the life expectancy of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (PLHIV) and remarkably reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection. Consequently, PLHIV are experiencing non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated comorbid conditions including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of non-AIDS associated comorbid conditions among a cohort of PLHIV on cART in Lebanon.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Data were collected between November 2018 and December 2019 from 105 voluntary participants. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect demographic and behavioral data including lifestyle, smoking, physical activity, substance use and abuse in addition to co-infections and family history of non-communicable diseases. Moreover, data on occurrence and treatment of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, lipid and metabolic disorders as well as mental health were collected. Blood samples were used to assess the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and serum creatinine.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Hypertension (29.5%) and hyperlipidemia (29.5%) followed by diabetes (23.7%) and cardiovascular disease (9.7%) were mainly reported among study participants. Higher rate of comorbid conditions was observed among participants &gt;40\u200ayears of age than those \u226440\u200ayears with both hypertension and hyperlipidemia most commonly reported. Older age (odds ratio [OR] 7.6; 95% CI: 1.83-31.98; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a.005) is associated with higher odds of having hyperlipidemia. Moreover, participants on cART for \u226510\u200ayears are 5 times more likely to have hyperlipidemia (OR 5; 95% CI: 1.08-22.73; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a.039). Our results also showed that study participants did not experience anxiety, depression or somatic symptoms and that there was no association between these mental disorders and older age or comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Our results provide important information on HIV trends and associated comorbidities in Lebanon and can be used to improve the management of non-communicable diseases among PLHIV.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000029162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T17:00:39Z","timestamp":1649955639000},"page":"e29162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Trends &amp; predictors of non-AIDS comorbidities among people living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Lebanon"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Farouk F.","family":"Abou Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Division of Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4302-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirna A.","family":"Bou Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Division of Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"El Asmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques E.","family":"Mokhbat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gilbert and Rose Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5423-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada M.","family":"Melhem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Division of Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2016.10.002","article-title":"Current status of HIV\/AIDS in the ART era","volume":"23","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"R2-20250504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300844","article-title":"HIV infection and older Americans: the public health 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