{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:06:33Z","timestamp":1760123193299,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Rationale:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is composed of a triad of symptoms, including respiratory distress, neurologic deficit, and petechiae. Respiratory distress usually presents first before the other symptoms. Thrombotic pulmonary embolism (TPE) is a differential diagnosis of FES. Trauma is a risk factor for both diseases; however, co-occurrence is rare.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patient concerns:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A 35-year-old male patient presented with altered consciousness, focal neurologic deficit, and respiratory distress after a left femoral subtrochanteric fracture and subsequent open reduction and internal fixation with an intramedullary nail.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Diagnosis:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) revealed lower pulmonary artery filling defects and ground-glass opacities in bilateral lung, indicating TPE and FES, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Heparin was initially added and subsequently switched to apixaban. The symptoms improved quickly without major bleeding complications.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Lession Subsections:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Concomitant TPE and FES after trauma are rare and require different treatment approaches. Due to clinical similarities, prompt chest CTPA was advised to detect TPE that was treated with anticoagulant therapy instead of supportive care for FES.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000029331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T13:05:44Z","timestamp":1655471144000},"page":"e29331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Concomitant post-traumatic ocular and cerebral fat embolism syndrome and thrombotic pulmonary embolism"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Ying-Sheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsueh","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Da","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiang-Jui","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin-Chih","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chih","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250612","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-0928-9","article-title":"Neurologic Complications of Fat Embolism Syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Morales-Vidal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"R2-20250612","first-page":"386","article-title":"Do corticosteroids reduce the risk of fat embolism syndrome in patients with long-bone fractures? 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